[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"cat-redesign:god:en":3},{"categoryInfo":4},["Reactive",5],{"id":6,"name":7,"description":8,"slug":9,"background":10,"thumbnail":11,"supercategory":12,"created_at":13,"updated_at":14,"embed_thumbnail":15,"embed_icon":16,"featured_category":17,"name_es":18,"description_es":19,"playerembed":20,"order":21,"name_fr":22,"description_fr":23,"name_ko":24,"description_ko":24,"answers":25,"testimonials":154,"isVideo":127},18,"God","God\u003Cdiv>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fdiv>","god","https:\u002F\u002Ftruelifeorg.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fresources\u002F1671845860032_copy%20Screen%20Shot%202022-12-23%20at%208.35.59%20PM%20copy.png","https:\u002F\u002Ftruelifeorg.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fresources\u002F1671824291631_Screen%20Shot%202022-12-23%20at%202.36.18%20PM.png","Christianity","2019-12-19T19:27:40.040Z","2023-08-03T06:48:54.111Z","https:\u002F\u002Ftruelifeorg.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fresources\u002F1671824292506_Screen%20Shot%202022-12-23%20at%202.36.18%20PM.png","https:\u002F\u002Ftruelifeorg.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fresources\u002FGod.png",null,"\t Dios","\n\nDios","\u003Ciframe src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fplayer.vimeo.com\u002Fvideo\u002F52621643?title=0&amp;byline=0&amp;portrait=0&amp;color=bf1e2e&amp;autoplay=1\" width=\"935\" height=\"526\" frameborder=\"0\" webkitAllowFullScreen mozallowfullscreen allowFullScreen>\u003C\u002Fiframe>",2," is good\n\nDieu est bon","\n\nDieu","\n\n신",[26,43,57,71,85,94,104,123,141],{"id":27,"title":28,"description":29,"featured":30,"transcript":31,"subtitle":31,"playerembed":31,"category_id":6,"slug":32,"answertype":33,"created_at":34,"updated_at":35,"thumbnail":36,"embed_thumbnail":37,"embed_icon":38,"title_es":39,"description_es":40,"playerembed_es":17,"transcript_es":17,"title_fr":41,"description_fr":17,"playerembed_fr":17,"transcript_fr":17,"title_ko":42,"description_ko":17,"playerembed_ko":17,"transcript_ko":17,"question_id":17,"category_slug":9,"category_name":-1},94,"Getting from God to Christ (Part 3)","\u003Cp>\u003Cem>You have made us for yourself, and our hearts are restless, until they rest in You.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Augustine, Confessions I.1\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Given St. Augustine’s notion that God has made us for Himself and we will continue in our restlessness until we find rest in God, then it would seem proper for us to expect that God will have done something to make this “rest,” or spiritual satisfaction, available, especially if this “rest” is essential to our ultimate well-being.&nbsp; This makes plausible the whole idea of revelation; that is, it makes it reasonable to expect God to communicate with us, as a Person to persons, concerning the terms for discovering the rest we seek.&nbsp; We want to discover, above all things, what God did to enable this relationship.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>We might expect the communication from God about our relationship to, first of all, tell us that God is a powerful Creator and cares enough to continually sustain His creation.&nbsp; That is, that it would be congruent with the facts about the universe.&nbsp; There are several biblical resources that confirm the findings of science.&nbsp; While scientists speak of the anthropic principle as having originated in the 1970s, the truth is that about 3000 years ago this idea of fine-tuning for the sustaining of life was already hinted at by the prophet Isaiah.&nbsp; “For thus says the LORD, Who created the heavens, Who is God, Who formed the earth and made it,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Who has established it, Who did not create it in vain, Who formed it to be inhabited:\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;I am the LORD, and there is no other.”[1] The biblical record further corroborates this view when it proclaims, “You alone are the LORD; You have made heaven, The heaven of heavens, with all their host, The earth and everything on it, The seas and all that is in them, And&nbsp;\u003Cem>You preserve them all\u003C\u002Fem>.”[2]&nbsp; Douglas Geivett has stated, “God is represented in the Christian Scriptures as the personal Creator of the universe, a being of great power and intelligence, who takes an active interest in the affairs of the universe and exhibits special concern for the finite persons who inhabit our part of the universe.&nbsp; Thus the basic metaphysical presuppositions of the Bible dovetail with our inquiry in the origin of the universe.”[3]&nbsp; In referring to his own critical investigation into the “holy books of the world’s great religions” Hugh Ross has this to say, “Except for the Bible my suspicions were confirmed that they were penned from the limited space-time perspective of human beings and reflected the limited and often incorrect scientific knowledge of the times in which they were written.&nbsp; Only the Bible . . . accurately described . . . the anthropically fine-tuned nature of the universe and solar system.”\u003Ca target=\"_blank\">[4]\u003C\u002Fa>&nbsp; Precisely the discoveries one would expect to make in the book in which God chose to reveal Himself.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The second thing we could expect this revelation to do is clearly and frankly assess our condition of estrangement, and then provide a definitive way to overcome it.&nbsp; According to Douglas Geivett, “The claim must embody . . . a realistic appraisal of the human predicament and recommend a cure with a plausible prognosis.”[5]&nbsp; In the gospel of Christ we discover “the precise nature of our human predicament as diagnosed with unparalleled realism: we have rebelled against God.”[6] Geivett finds a positive thrust in the particularity of the scriptures in that they provide “a precise diagnosis of the human condition, as well as a satisfactory remedy, we can explain the impetus behind currently fashionable forms of religious pluralism in terms of the human propensity to hide from the God whom we have offended.”[7] This carries us back to the Fall of humankind where Adam, having partaken of the forbidden fruit, sought to hide from God.&nbsp; He sensed this estrangement and sought to correct it on his own.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The Christian doctrine of the Fall seems to best account for the human predicament.&nbsp; The ‘why” as to our intuitive awareness that we are not what we are supposed to be and our propensity to fall short of keeping the moral law, no matter how hard we try to do so.&nbsp; God, then, as now, had to set the terms for a relationship with Himself. The Scriptures say that God made animal skins to clothe the estranged humans.[8] The adumbration of sacrifice is significant in that God was to declare later that “the life is in the blood,”[9] and it is only the blood that enables atonement, or “at-one-ment,” with God; that which humans need and seek.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The continuity of the biblical account is astounding, for this whole sacrificial system was a foreshadowing of the death of Christ who would be identified as “the lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world.”[10]&nbsp; Even in the New Testament we find the same message. “there is no remission from sin.”[11]&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>“Sin” is how the Bible defines human estrangement from God.&nbsp; This term encompasses our failure to live up to the moral standard that God has established, whether by ignorance or presumption, and of which we are intuitively aware. This moral standard is really not so much His commandments, but His own holy and righteous character.&nbsp; Scriptures teach that no human can achieve the goodness required to be in relationship with God, because, ultimately, the goodness required is His own moral goodness.&nbsp; The only remedy for this estrangement is found in the shedding of blood, the giving of life, of another; a spotless, sinless sacrifice.&nbsp; This is fulfilled in the death of Jesus Christ, in whose blood we may find the forgiveness of our sins, and the restoration of our relationship with God.[12]&nbsp; What Christ’s death, as the consummation that all the Old Testament sacrifices foreshadowed, shows is that God takes sin very seriously and cannot dwell with it, but also that he loves us and desires a relationship with us enough to make provisions for it.[13]&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;In the cross, holy justice, that cannot abide sin, and forgiving love, that yearns for relationship, meet.&nbsp; The God of the Bible, who “takes no pleasure in wickedness, nor shall evil dwell with him,”[14] has assessed the human condition, and found it dreadfully wanting.[15] &nbsp;He is a God with specific expectations, and proscriptions.&nbsp; He is Lewis’ “God of determinate character.”&nbsp; Scripture does not play word games, declaring with clarity who God is, what God expects, and what He rewards – “the Lord is righteous, and He loves righteousness, and the righteous will see His face.”&nbsp; Yet, His holy character is not such that He cannot, through His love, provide a way for sinful humans to be at one with Him.&nbsp; In Christ, the righteous requirements of the law of God are met in behalf of sinful humanity.[16]&nbsp; Crying out in faith for this provision is the means to salvation, i.e. the means to being declared by God to be as righteous as He requires for us to dwell with him.[17]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Clearly, one of the most significant pointers to this being God’s prescribed means for our finding spiritual satisfaction is that the essential message of the whole Bible is the same.&nbsp; This becomes particularly remarkable when one considers that the message of the Bible came to us through some 40 human authors, living in diverse cultures and within varying socio-economic statuses and wrote over a period of about 1500 years, then seeing what they wrote explains with great continuity who we are, how we got here, why we have this sense of estrangement, and what God arranged for our restoration to Himself.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>There is another, substantial criterion by which we can confirm the source of God’s revelation to us once and for all.&nbsp; We might expect that God would confirm the means of his prescribed solution to our estrangement with a definitive intervention in history that could not be interpreted as anything but the work of God.&nbsp; If God has moved in history in any definitive way, it would seemingly have to include the life and work of Jesus Christ.&nbsp; The reason for this is that Jesus Christ did not only die on a cross under Pontius Pilate, but also rose from the dead.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>It can be confirmed by extra-biblical sources that Jesus lived, went about teaching and doing good, attracted many followers and then was crucified.&nbsp; It can also be seen though extra-biblical sources that something transformed his followers into bold witnesses that would readily give up their lives for the belief that their master, Jesus Christ, had indeed raised from the dead.[18]&nbsp;&nbsp; When one considers all the elements of one of the most critical claims of Christianity, viz. that Christ has been raised from the dead, the evidence is compelling.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>There are a number of things that are nearly impossible to account for if the resurrection of Jesus did not occur.&nbsp; First his empty tomb, second the eyewitnesses that claimed to have seen Jesus after his death, third the enthusiastic evangelism of the disciples, fourth the earliest writings of the Christian church, and fifth the rapid emergence and expansion of the early church.[19]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The first point deals with Christ’s&nbsp;\u003Cem>empty tomb.[20]\u003Cstrong>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fem>What happened to Christ’s body?&nbsp; The suggestions that have been proffered as naturalistic explanations to the resurrection are unconvincing.&nbsp; The suggestion that the disciples stole the body is problematic when one considers the fact that all the disciples held to the claim, and no one’s conscience got the best of them to “blow the whistle.”&nbsp; Besides if the disciples knew of the conspiracy, what would explain their unanimity in proclaiming the gospel of Jesus under threat of severe bodily harm, perhaps that suffered by their master, or even death?&nbsp; Another suggestion is that perhaps the authorities, Roman or Jewish, took the body.&nbsp; This defies explanation, for they wanted to keep the body from being removed and set a Roman guard to keep it from happening.&nbsp; Further, if they had taken the body, to silence the disciples proclamation that Jesus had risen from the dead would simply require the production of the corpse of Christ.&nbsp; This would make it immediately evident that they were gravely misguided.&nbsp; This did not happen.&nbsp; Some have suggested that the disciples hallucinated that Jesus had risen.&nbsp; A problem with this is that hallucinations are not collective but individual.&nbsp; There were hundreds of eyewitnesses that asserted that they had seen the risen Christ.[21]&nbsp; Perhaps Christ just fainted on the cross and then revived in the coolness of the tomb. If Jesus merely revived, he would still have had all the marks of his scourging, and be in need of serious medical attention. How would such a bruised and beaten man in such need of care have inspired his followers to go out and deceptively proclaim, under threat of death, that he had risen in glory and power? Finally, there is the suggestion that the women went to the wrong tomb.&nbsp; Obviously, even if they had, this error would be quickly corrected, as there were other witnesses to the burial. The alternatives are less plausible than the claim of the New Testament that “He is risen , as he said.”[22]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>One may then object that the records of the resurrection are unreliable; because they were religious propaganda intended to elevate the historical Jesus to a divine status that he himself never intended anyone to believe.&nbsp; The problem with this objection is that the New Testament records have been demonstrated to be reliable documents rooted in history.&nbsp; When one considers such factors as the manuscript evidence, viz. that the New Testament boasts the greatest number of extant copies compared to other classical writings, thus making reconstruction much more accurate, even by standards of secular scholarship, and that the gaps between the original manuscripts and the copies is small compared to all other classical works considered to be reliable for historical information.&nbsp; These two factors have led even a critical New Testament scholar such as John A. T. Robinson to conclude that the New Testament is “by far the best attested text of any ancient writing in the world.”[23]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The&nbsp;\u003Cem>earliest writings\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;of Christianity attest to the historicity of the resurrection of Christ, because they attest to an even earlier oral tradition.&nbsp; Gary Habermas has shown that there are many creeds and traditions embedded in the New Testament texts, especially certain writings of Paul, that actually predate the texts themselves.[24] These creeds are an important clue to discovering what the earliest Christians believed and taught about the person of Jesus Christ.&nbsp; It soon becomes evident that they did not fabricate a “Christ of faith” for there was not enough time to develop such legends and too many living witnesses to allow for distortion to occur.&nbsp; Through oral traditions the apostolic teachings were memorized and passed on until they were recorded in written form.&nbsp; These creeds confirm the gospel of Christ.&nbsp; One of them seems to be in 1 Corinthians 15:1-4 where Paul makes specific reference to the gospel as a creedal tradition that he had been taught by others.&nbsp;&nbsp; He writes:\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1Moreover, brethren, I declare to you the gospel which I preached to you, which also you received and in which you stand,&nbsp;2by which also you are saved, if you hold fast that word which I preached to you--unless you believed in vain.&nbsp;3For I delivered to you first of all that which I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures,&nbsp;4and that He was buried, and that He rose again the third day according to the Scriptures,[25]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>This tells us that the “gospel,” as spelled out by Paul here as entailing the death, burial and resurrection of Jesus, was not his invention, but rather something that he received as a legacy from those who came to faith earlier than he.&nbsp;&nbsp; According to Habermas “the majority of critical scholars question a few of the epistles that bear Paul’s name . . . But Romans, Corinthians, Galatians and Philippians are rarely questioned, even by skeptics.”[26]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1 Corinthians and Romans are two of the most historically accredited New Testament documents, written by Paul in the early 50s and 60s A.D.&nbsp; The significance of the date is that Christ died sometime within the early 30s A.D. thus Paul is referring to the beliefs among Christians that arose shortly after the actual events of the death and resurrection of Christ.&nbsp; This is hardly enough time for legends about the “Christ of faith” to be developed, especially when multiple eyewitnesses to the events would still be alive and know whether the events were being properly reported.[27]&nbsp; Along with the historical events of the death, and resurrection, are the theological implications of these events.&nbsp; Christ died&nbsp;\u003Cem>for our sins\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;according to the Scriptures, and that he rose again the third day according to the Scriptures,” (according to the Scriptures being a reference that these events occurred in fulfillment of Old Testament foreshadowing).[28] In Romans Paul speaks of the resurrection as being that event by which Jesus was “declared to be the son of God with power.”[29]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Another evidence that the resurrection occurred as recorded in the New Testament is the presence of&nbsp;\u003Cem>eyewitnesses\u003C\u002Fem>.&nbsp; Returning to 1 Corinthians, it is significant that Paul, after discussing the “gospel” in terms of Christ’s death, burial and resurrection, spends more time discussing his post resurrection appearances to specific people.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>5and that&nbsp;\u003Cem>He was seen\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;by Cephas, then by the twelve.&nbsp;6After that&nbsp;\u003Cem>He was seen\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;by over five hundred brethren at once, of whom the greater part remain to the present, but some have fallen asleep.&nbsp;7After that&nbsp;\u003Cem>He was seen\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;by James, then by all the apostles.&nbsp;8Then last of all&nbsp;\u003Cem>He was seen\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;by me also, as by one born out of due time.[30]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>It is evident that Paul most definitely wanted to demonstrate that the resurrection had occurred and that it meant eternal life for all that would subsequently believe in Christ.&nbsp; This is the obvious burden of the entire chapter as Paul proclaims,\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>13But if there is no resurrection of the dead, then Christ is not risen.&nbsp;14And if Christ is not risen, then our preaching is empty and your faith is also empty.&nbsp;15Yes, and we are found false witnesses of God, because we have testified of God that He raised up Christ, whom He did not raise up--if in fact the dead do not rise.&nbsp;16For if the dead do not rise, then Christ is not risen.&nbsp;17And if Christ is not risen, your faith is futile; you are still in your sins![31]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Paul understood the critical significance of the resurrection for the whole structure of the Christian faith and that, even then, eyewitnesses must confirm its historical validity.&nbsp; For him to say that there were over 500 that saw the risen Christ at once and then to say that most of them are still alive to testify was a huge risk for his own integrity and ministry if these events did not happen.&nbsp; One of the more significant points about witnesses of the resurrected Christ has to do with the women.&nbsp; C. Stephen Evans comments that, “It is noteworthy that women were the first witnesses to the resurrection.”[32].&nbsp; Why so “noteworthy?”&nbsp; It actually increases the plausibility of the gospel accounts about the resurrection when one considers the patriarchal society in which this message was first presented.&nbsp; If the early Christians really were writing propaganda, then why would they include something that would, in this man-centered culture, not appeal to many people at all?&nbsp; Who would believe the witness of women, and why would the gospel writers risk the immediate rejection of the gospel records by suggesting women were the first to see and report the resurrection? This does not fit with either the goals or means of propaganda, which is to appeal to the interests of the masses to persuade them.&nbsp; The only logical conclusion is that they were writing the facts just as they had occurred.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Finally, we will consider the&nbsp;\u003Cem>enthusiasm\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;of the disciples and the&nbsp;\u003Cem>emergence and expansion\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;of the early church.&nbsp; The political and religious odds were against Christ’s followers and the movement that bore his name.&nbsp; In view of these odds, one of the most signal elements to demand the attention of skeptics as well as believers is the transformation of a band of dejected and fearful disciples following Christ’s crucifixion, into a band of bold and enthusiastic preachers of the resurrection under threat of bodily harm and even death.&nbsp; Christ’s’ disciples would stand before the authorities and say “We must obey God rather than man.”[33] &nbsp;Frank Morrison, an English journalist who set out to disprove Christianity as a hoax, came away from investigating the facts “compelled by the sheer force of circumstance” to write, instead, showing that Christ is indeed risen from the dead. Morrison, overwhelmed by the evidence, states,\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>“Whoever comes to this problem has sooner or later to confront a fact that cannot be explained away or removed by any logical processes whatever.&nbsp; It looks us persistently in the face as the one concrete and unassailably attested certainty of the situation.&nbsp; This fact is that, . . . a profound conviction came to the little group of people whose behavior changed - a change that attests to the fact that Jesus had risen from the grave.[34]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>This change, Morison concludes, seems best explained by fact that the disciples had seen the risen Christ in glory and power and were thereby emboldened to stand before once feared adversaries and die for their commitment that Christ had indeed risen from the dead.&nbsp; They did not fear the consequences of this bold stand because their Master had promised them, “I am the resurrection and the life.&nbsp; He who believes in me, though he may die, he shall live, and whoever lives and believes in me shall never die.”[35]&nbsp; This theme is picked up by the Apostle Paul, who declares “For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so God will bring with him those who sleep (have died) in Jesus.”[36]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>With the words “God will bring with him” we are back to the prospect and promise of a relationship with God.&nbsp; Paul further explains that in Christ’s resurrection is our promise of resurrection and that once this occurs, “we shall always be with the Lord.”[37]&nbsp; In Christ, and his resurrection God has historically visited humans whom he cares about and with whom he desires an eternal relationship.&nbsp; Through the resurrection of Jesus, God confirms all that Jesus ever taught about the human predicament, and about its remedy.&nbsp; He also confirmed Christ’s proclamations about himself and his indispensability as the singular way to obtain a relationship with God.[38]&nbsp; The disciples believed this, and because of this conviction about the resurrection, stood firm under threat of death declaring, “There is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved.”[39]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Conclusion:\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Some will still insist a God of love would not exclude others from his eternal blessings simply because they did not know and confess Christ as Savior.&nbsp; To this it might be replied that a God who loves us enough to create us and sustain us would also tend to our spiritual needs as well, and might be expected not to leave us on our own to figure Him out, but rather to cut through the religious and spiritual confusion and provide in time and history a clarion message of deliverance, and confirm that His message has been spoken once and for all by a very special, unmistakable sign that He indeed is behind it all.&nbsp; He would do something decisive and unmistakable about it.&nbsp; The relevance of the Christian message comes through here, because sufficient evidence points to His having done this in no one else but Jesus. &nbsp;Thus we can proclaim confidently with the Apostle “There is truly only “\u003Cem>one&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fem>mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.”&nbsp;[40]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Lewis relates how he, before becoming a Christian, was so reluctant to “pass over from the notion of an abstract . . . deity to the living God.”[41]&nbsp;&nbsp; “I do not wonder,” he remarks, “this is the very point at which so many draw back – I would have done so myself if I could and proceed no further with Christianity.&nbsp; An ‘impersonal God’ – well and good.&nbsp; A subjective God of beauty, truth and goodness, inside our own heads – better still.&nbsp; A formless life-force surging through us, a vast power which we can tap – best of all.&nbsp; But God Himself, alive, pulling at the other end of the cord, perhaps approaching at an infinite speed, the hunter the king the husband -&nbsp; that is quite another matter.”[42]&nbsp; “There comes a moment when people who have been dabbling in religion (‘Man’s Search for God!’) suddenly draw back.&nbsp; Supposing we really found Him?&nbsp; We never meant it to come to&nbsp;\u003Cem>that\u003C\u002Fem>!&nbsp; Worse still, supposing He had found us?”[43]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Chr>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[1] Isaiah 45:18\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[2] Nehemiah 9:6\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[3] Geivett,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Is Jesus the Only Way\u003C\u002Fem>?, p. 195.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[4]&nbsp;Ross, Why I Believe in the Miracle of Divine Creation, p. 126.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[5]&nbsp;Geivett, p. 195.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[6]&nbsp;Ibid.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[7] Ibid.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[8]&nbsp;Genesis 3:21\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[9]&nbsp;Leviticus 17:11\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[10] John 1:29\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[11]&nbsp;Hebrews 9:22\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[12]&nbsp;Ephesians 1:7, Colossians 1:14, Revelation 1:5\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[13] Romans 5:6-11\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[14] Psalm 5:4\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[15] Psalm 14:2-3, Romans 3:9-20\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[16] Romans 8:4, 10:4; 2 Corinthians 5:21\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[17] Romans 10:9-10\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[18] Edwin M. Yamauchi, Jesus Outside the New Testament: What is the Evidence, in Michael J. Wilkins and J.P. Moreland, eds.,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Jesus Under Fire: Modern Scholarship Reinvents the Historical Jesus\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;(Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995), pp. 208-222. Gary .R. Habermas,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Why I Believe the New Testament is Historically Reliable\u003C\u002Fem>, in Norman L. Geisler and Paul K, Hoffman, eds.&nbsp;\u003Cem>Why I am a Christian&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fem>(Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001), p. 15-151.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[19] William Lane Craig, Did Jesus Rise From the Dead?, in Michael J. Wilkins and J.P. Moreland, eds.,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Jesus Under Fire: Modern Scholarship Reinvents the Historical Jesus\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;(Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995), pp. 142-176; Gary .R. Habermas,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Why I Believe the Miracles of Jesus ActuallyHappened\u003C\u002Fem>, in Norman L. Geisler and Paul K, Hoffman, eds.&nbsp;\u003Cem>Why I am a Christian&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fem>(Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001),pp. 117-124; pp. John G. Stackhouse, Can God Be Trusted? (New York: Oxford: 1998), pp. 133-146.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[20]&nbsp;Frank Morison,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Who Moved the Stone\u003C\u002Fem>, (Grand Rapids: Zondervan 1977), pp. 88-103.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[21]&nbsp;1 Corinthians 15:4-8 One might argue that the use of the Bible to prove the Bible is the worst case of begging the question, but from an historical standpoint, there is no question, even among the most liberal scholars, of Paul’s authorship of this letter in the mid first century.&nbsp; This would be only about 20-30 years removed from the events of Christi’s death and resurrection. The eyewitnesses of this event could thus be found and interviewed.&nbsp; Paul was no doubt risking his credibility by making these claims, unless, of course what he said is what actually happened.&nbsp; There is no reason, except presuppositionally, to doubt that it did.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[22]&nbsp;Matthew 28:6\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[23]&nbsp;John A. T. Robinson,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Can We Trust the New Testament?\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;(Grand Rapids: Eerdmans), p. 36; quoted in Gary .R. Habermas,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Why I Believe the New Testament is Historically Reliable\u003C\u002Fem>, in Norman L. Geisler and Paul K, Hoffman, eds.&nbsp;\u003Cem>Why I am a Christian&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fem>(Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001), p. 148-149.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[24]&nbsp;Habermas, Why I Believe the New Testament is Historically Reliable, pp. 156-160.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[25]&nbsp;1 Corinthians 15: 1-4.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[26]&nbsp;Habermas, p. 157\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[27]&nbsp;See note 68\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[28] Psalm 22 is a reference to crucifixion, and Christ’s substitution death is detailed in Isaiah 53.&nbsp; Psalm 16 is a clear reference to the resurrection of Yahweh’s “holy one” or Messiah.&nbsp; Peter makes this direct connection to Psalm 16 and the resurrection of Crhist in Acts 2:25-28.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[29]&nbsp;Romans 1:4.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[30]&nbsp;1 Corinthians 15:5-7\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[31] 1 Corinthians 15:13-17\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[32] C. Stephen Evans,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Why Believe?: Reason and Mystery as Pointers to God\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;(Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986), p. 115.&nbsp;(45:18 – Emphasis Added)\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[33] Acts 4:19, 5:29\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[34]&nbsp;Frank Morison,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Who Moved the Stone&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fem>(Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1977).\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[35] John 11:25 (Cf. 14:19)\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[36]&nbsp;1 Thessalonians 4:14.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[37]&nbsp;1 Thessalonians 4:17.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[38] Acts 17:31\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[39] Acts 4:12\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[40] 1 Timothy 2:5\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[41] C.S. Lewis,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Miracles\u003C\u002Fem>, (San Francisco, Harper Collins), 150.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[42] Ibid.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[43]&nbsp;Ibid.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch4>BIBLIOGRAPHY\u003C\u002Fh4>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Anderson, Sir Norman.&nbsp;\u003Cem>Christianity and World Religions: The Challenge of Pluralism\u003C\u002Fem>. Leicester: England: IVP, 1984.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Barbour, Ian.&nbsp;\u003Cem>Religion in an Age of Science, The Gifford lectures, Volume One\u003C\u002Fem>. San Francisco: Harper, 1990.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Colson, Chuck and Pearcey, Nancy.&nbsp;\u003Cem>How Now Shall We live\u003C\u002Fem>? Wheaton, IL: Tyndale, 1999.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Copan, Paul, True for You but Not for Me; Deflating ther Slogans that Leave Christians Speechless.&nbsp; Minneapolis: Bethany, 1998.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Davies, Paul.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u003Cem>God and the New Physics\u003C\u002Fem>. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Evans, C. Stephen.&nbsp;\u003Cem>Why Believe? Reason and Mystery as Pointers to God\u003C\u002Fem>. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Gallup, George Jr., The Next American Spirituality; Finding God iinthe Twenty-First Century, Colorado Springs: Cook Victor, 2000.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Geisler, Norman L. and Hoffman, Paul K., eds.&nbsp;\u003Cem>Why I Am&nbsp; A Christian\u003C\u002Fem>. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Glynn, Patrick,&nbsp;\u003Cem>God: The Evidence:\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;\u003Cem>The Reconciliation of Faith and Reason in a Postsecualr World.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fem>Rocklin, CA: Forum, 1997.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Hick, John.&nbsp;\u003Cem>God Has Many Names\u003C\u002Fem>. Philadelphia; Westminster, 1982.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Klemke, E. D., ed.&nbsp;\u003Cem>The Meaning of Life\u003C\u002Fem>. New York, Oxford, New York: Oxford, 1981.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Lewis, C. S.&nbsp;\u003Cem>Mere Christianity\u003C\u002Fem>. New York: Macmillan, 1952.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>_________.&nbsp;\u003Cem>Miracles\u003C\u002Fem>, San Francisco: Harper, 1947.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>McGrath, Alister E.&nbsp;\u003Cem>Intellectuals Don’t Need God (and other Modern Myths): Building Bridges to Faith Through Apologetics\u003C\u002Fem>. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1993.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>McDowell, Josh and Stewart, Don.&nbsp;\u003Cem>Handbook of Today’s Religions\u003C\u002Fem>. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1983.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Morison, Frank,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Who Moved the Stone\u003C\u002Fem>? Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1977.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Norris, Richard A.&nbsp;\u003Cem>Understanding the Faith of the Church\u003C\u002Fem>. New York: Seabury, 1979.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Netland, Harold J.&nbsp;\u003Cem>Encountering Religious Pluralism, The Challenge to Christian Faith and Mission\u003C\u002Fem>. Downers Grove: IVP, 2001.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Nozik, Robert.&nbsp;\u003Cem>The Examined Life\u003C\u002Fem>: Philosophical Meditations. New york; Touchstone, 1989.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Prior, Kenneth F. W.&nbsp;\u003Cem>The Gospel in a Pagan Society\u003C\u002Fem>. Downers Grove, IL: IVP, 1975.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Schaeffer, Francis A.&nbsp;\u003Cem>The Complete Works of Francis Schaeffer: Volume 5, A Christian View of the West\u003C\u002Fem>. Westchester, IL: Crossway Books, 1982.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Schroeder, Gerald l.&nbsp;\u003Cem>The Science of God\u003C\u002Fem>. New York: Free Press, 1997.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Stackhouse, John G.&nbsp;\u003Cem>Can God Be Trusted?: Faith and the Challenge of Evil\u003C\u002Fem>. New York: Oxford, 1998.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Wilkins, Michael J. and Moreland, J. P. , eds.&nbsp;\u003Cem>Jesus Under Fire: Modern Scholarship Reinvents the Historical Jesus\u003C\u002Fem>. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Zacharias, Ravi.&nbsp;\u003Cem>Can man Live Without God\u003C\u002Fem>? Dallas: Word, 1994.\u003C\u002Fp>",false,"","getting-from-god-to-christ-part-3","article","2019-12-19T17:52:13.324Z","2023-08-03T05:47:22.306Z","https:\u002F\u002Fs3.amazonaws.com\u002Ftruelife1\u002Ficons\u002F18\u002Fanswerthumbnails\u002Ffull.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Ftruelifeorg.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fthumb.png","https:\u002F\u002Ftruelifeorg.s3.amazonaws.com\u002FMarriage+Icon-01.png","Comenzando de Dios a Cristo (Parte 3)","\u003Cp>Nos has hecho para ti, y nuestros corazones est&aacute;n inquietos, hasta que descansen en ti.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Agust&iacute;n, Confesiones I.1\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Dada la noci&oacute;n de San Agust&iacute;n de que Dios nos ha hecho para S&iacute; mismo y continuaremos en nuestra inquietud hasta que encontremos descanso en Dios, entonces parecer&iacute;a apropiado para nosotros esperar que Dios haya hecho algo para hacer este \"descanso\" o espiritual satisfacci&oacute;n, disponible, especialmente si este \"descanso\" es esencial para nuestro m&aacute;ximo bienestar. Esto hace plausible toda la idea de revelaci&oacute;n; es decir, hace que sea razonable esperar que Dios se comunique con nosotros, como persona a personas, con respecto a los t&eacute;rminos para descubrir el descanso que buscamos. Queremos descubrir, sobre todo, lo que Dios hizo para permitir esta relaci&oacute;n.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Podemos esperar la comunicaci&oacute;n de Dios sobre nuestra relaci&oacute;n para, antes que nada, decirnos que Dios es un Creador poderoso y que se preocupa lo suficiente como para sostener continuamente Su creaci&oacute;n. Es decir, que ser&iacute;a congruente con los hechos sobre el universo. Hay varios recursos b&iacute;blicos que confirman los hallazgos de la ciencia. Mientras que los cient&iacute;ficos hablan del principio antr&oacute;pico que se origin&oacute; en la d&eacute;cada de 1970, la verdad es que hace unos 3000 a&ntilde;os esta idea del ajuste para el sustento de la vida ya fue insinuada por el profeta Isa&iacute;as. \"Porque as&iacute; dice el SE&Ntilde;OR, qui&eacute;n cre&oacute; los cielos, qui&eacute;n es Dios, qui&eacute;n form&oacute; la tierra y la hizo, qui&eacute;n la estableci&oacute;, qui&eacute;n no la cre&oacute; en vano, qui&eacute;n la form&oacute; para ser habitada: yo soy el Se&ntilde;or, y no hay otro \". [1] El registro b&iacute;blico corrobora a&uacute;n m&aacute;s este punto de vista cuando proclama:\" T&uacute; solo eres el Se&ntilde;or; Has hecho el cielo, el cielo de los cielos, con todo su ej&eacute;rcito, la tierra y todo lo que hay en &eacute;l, los mares y todo lo que hay en ellos, y los preservas a todos \". [2] Douglas Geivett ha declarado:\" Dios est&aacute; representado en las Escrituras cristianas como el Creador personal del universo, un ser de gran poder e inteligencia, que tiene un inter&eacute;s activo en los asuntos del universo y muestra una preocupaci&oacute;n especial por las personas finitas que habitan nuestra parte del universo. As&iacute;, las presuposiciones metaf&iacute;sicas b&aacute;sicas de la Biblia encajan con nuestra investigaci&oacute;n sobre el origen del universo \". [3] Al referirse a su propia investigaci&oacute;n cr&iacute;tica sobre los\" libros sagrados de las grandes religiones del mundo \", Hugh Ross dice:\" Excepto Para la Biblia, mis sospechas se confirmaron de que estaban escritas desde la perspectiva limitada del espacio-tiempo de los seres humanos y reflejaban el conocimiento cient&iacute;fico limitado y a menudo incorrecto de los tiempos en que fueron escritas. Solo la Biblia. . . descrito con precisi&oacute;n&hellip; La naturaleza antropol&oacute;gicamente afinada del universo y el sistema solar. &rdquo;[4] Precisamente los descubrimientos que uno esperar&iacute;a hacer en el libro en el que Dios eligi&oacute; revelarse a s&iacute; mismo.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>La segunda cosa que podr&iacute;amos esperar que haga esta revelaci&oacute;n es evaluar clara y francamente nuestra condici&oacute;n de distanciamiento, y luego proporcionar una forma definitiva de superarla. Seg&uacute;n Douglas Geivett, &ldquo;El reclamo debe encarnar. . . una evaluaci&oacute;n realista de la situaci&oacute;n humana y recomendar una cura con un pron&oacute;stico plausible \". [5] En el evangelio de Cristo descubrimos\" la naturaleza precisa de nuestra situaci&oacute;n humana diagnosticada con un realismo incomparable: nos hemos rebelado contra Dios \"[6]. ] Geivett encuentra un impulso positivo en la particularidad de las escrituras, ya que proporcionan \"un diagn&oacute;stico preciso de la condici&oacute;n humana, as&iacute; como un remedio satisfactorio, podemos explicar el &iacute;mpetu detr&aacute;s de las formas actuales de pluralismo religioso en t&eacute;rminos de la propensi&oacute;n humana esconderse del Dios a quien hemos ofendido. &rdquo;[7] Esto nos lleva de regreso a la Ca&iacute;da de la humanidad donde Ad&aacute;n, despu&eacute;s de haber participado del fruto prohibido, trat&oacute; de esconderse de Dios. Sinti&oacute; este alejamiento y trat&oacute; de corregirlo por su cuenta.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>La doctrina cristiana de la ca&iacute;da parece explicar mejor la situaci&oacute;n humana. El \"por qu&eacute;\" en cuanto a nuestra conciencia intuitiva de que no somos lo que se supone que debemos ser y nuestra propensi&oacute;n a no cumplir con la ley moral, no importa cu&aacute;nto lo intentemos. Dios, entonces, como ahora, ten&iacute;a que establecer los t&eacute;rminos para una relaci&oacute;n consigo mismo. Las Escrituras dicen que Dios hizo pieles de animales para vestir a los humanos separados. [8] La adulaci&oacute;n del sacrificio es significativa en el sentido de que Dios declarar&iacute;a m&aacute;s tarde que \"la vida est&aacute; en la sangre\" [9] y que es solo la sangre la que permite la expiaci&oacute;n o \"uni&oacute;n\" con Dios; lo que los humanos necesitan y buscan.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>La continuidad del relato b&iacute;blico es asombrosa, ya que todo este sistema de sacrificios fue un presagio de la muerte de Cristo, que ser&iacute;a identificado como \"el cordero de Dios que quita los pecados del mundo\". [10] Incluso en el Nuevo Testamento Encontramos el mismo mensaje. \"No hay remisi&oacute;n del pecado\". [11]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>\"Pecado\" es c&oacute;mo la Biblia define el alejamiento humano de Dios. Este t&eacute;rmino abarca nuestra incapacidad de cumplir con el est&aacute;ndar moral que Dios ha establecido, ya sea por ignorancia o presunci&oacute;n, y del cual somos intuitivamente conscientes. Este est&aacute;ndar moral no es realmente tanto sus mandamientos, sino su propio car&aacute;cter santo y justo. Las Escrituras ense&ntilde;an que ning&uacute;n ser humano puede lograr la bondad requerida para estar en relaci&oacute;n con Dios, porque, en &uacute;ltima instancia, la bondad requerida es su propia bondad moral. El &uacute;nico remedio para este alejamiento se encuentra en el derramamiento de sangre, la entrega de vida, de otro; Un sacrificio impecable e impecable. Esto se cumple en la muerte de Jesucristo, en cuya sangre podemos encontrar el perd&oacute;n de nuestros pecados y la restauraci&oacute;n de nuestra relaci&oacute;n con Dios. [12] Lo que la muerte de Cristo, como la consumaci&oacute;n que todos los sacrificios del Antiguo Testamento presagiaron, muestra es que Dios toma el pecado muy en serio y no puede morar con &eacute;l, sino tambi&eacute;n que nos ama y desea una relaci&oacute;n con nosotros lo suficiente como para hacer provisiones para ello. [13 ] En la cruz, la justicia santa, que no puede soportar el pecado, y el amor perdonador, que anhela una relaci&oacute;n, se encuentran. El Dios de la Biblia, que \"no se complace en la maldad, ni el mal morar&aacute; con &eacute;l\", [14] ha evaluado la condici&oacute;n humana y la ha encontrado terriblemente deficiente. [15] &Eacute;l es un Dios con expectativas espec&iacute;ficas y proscripciones. &Eacute;l es el \"Dios de car&aacute;cter determinado\" de Lewis. Las Escrituras no juegan juegos de palabras, declarando con claridad qui&eacute;n es Dios, qu&eacute; espera Dios y qu&eacute; recompensa: \"el Se&ntilde;or es justo y ama la justicia, y los justos ver&aacute;n Su rostro &rdquo;. Sin embargo, su car&aacute;cter sagrado no es tal que no puede, a trav&eacute;s de su amor, proporcionar una manera para que los humanos pecadores sean uno con &Eacute;l. En Cristo, los requisitos justos de la ley de Dios se cumplen en nombre de la humanidad pecadora. [16] Clamar en fe por esta provisi&oacute;n es el medio para la salvaci&oacute;n, es decir, el medio para ser declarado por Dios como tan justo como &Eacute;l requiere que nosotros moremos con &eacute;l. [17]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Claramente, uno de los indicadores m&aacute;s significativos de que este es el medio prescrito por Dios para encontrar satisfacci&oacute;n espiritual es que el mensaje esencial de toda la Biblia es el mismo. Esto se vuelve particularmente notable cuando se considera que el mensaje de la Biblia nos lleg&oacute; a trav&eacute;s de unos 40 autores humanos, que viven en diversas culturas y dentro de diferentes estados socioecon&oacute;micos y escribieron durante un per&iacute;odo de aproximadamente 1500 a&ntilde;os, luego viendo lo que escribieron explica con gran continuidad qui&eacute;nes somos, c&oacute;mo llegamos aqu&iacute;, por qu&eacute; tenemos este sentido de extra&ntilde;amiento, y lo que Dios arregl&oacute; para nuestra restauraci&oacute;n.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Hay otro criterio sustancial por el cual podemos confirmar la fuente de la revelaci&oacute;n de Dios de una vez por todas. Podemos esperar que Dios confirme los medios de su soluci&oacute;n prescrita a nuestro alejamiento con una intervenci&oacute;n definitiva en la historia que no podr&iacute;a interpretarse como otra cosa que la obra de Dios. Si Dios se ha movido en la historia de manera definitiva, aparentemente tendr&iacute;a que incluir la vida y la obra de Jesucristo. La raz&oacute;n de esto es que Jesucristo no solo muri&oacute; en una cruz debajo de Poncio Pilato, sino que tambi&eacute;n resucit&oacute; de entre los muertos.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Fuentes extra b&iacute;blicas pueden confirmar que Jes&uacute;s vivi&oacute;, se dedic&oacute; a ense&ntilde;ar y a hacer el bien, atrajo a muchos seguidores y luego fue crucificado. Tambi&eacute;n se puede ver a trav&eacute;s de fuentes extrab&iacute;blicas que algo transform&oacute; a sus seguidores en audaces testigos que f&aacute;cilmente abandonar&iacute;an sus vidas por la creencia de que su maestro, Jesucristo, hab&iacute;a resucitado de entre los muertos. [18] Cuando uno considera todos los elementos de una de las afirmaciones m&aacute;s cr&iacute;ticas del cristianismo, a saber. que Cristo ha resucitado de la muerte, la evidencia es convincente.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Hay una serie de cosas que son casi imposibles de explicar si la resurrecci&oacute;n de Jes&uacute;s no ocurri&oacute;. Primero su tumba vac&iacute;a, segundo los testigos que afirmaron haber visto a Jes&uacute;s despu&eacute;s de su muerte, tercero el evangelismo entusiasta de los disc&iacute;pulos, cuarto los primeros escritos de la iglesia cristiana y quinto el r&aacute;pido surgimiento y expansi&oacute;n de la iglesia primitiva [19].\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>El primer punto trata de la tumba vac&iacute;a de Cristo. [20] &iquest;Qu&eacute; pas&oacute; con el cuerpo de Cristo? Las sugerencias que se han ofrecido como explicaciones naturalistas de la resurrecci&oacute;n no son convincentes. La sugerencia de que los disc&iacute;pulos robaron el cuerpo es problem&aacute;tica cuando se considera el hecho de que todos los disc&iacute;pulos se aferraron a la afirmaci&oacute;n, y que la conciencia de nadie consigui&oacute; lo mejor de ellos para \"hacer sonar el silbato\". Adem&aacute;s, si los disc&iacute;pulos supieran de la conspiraci&oacute;n, &iquest;qu&eacute;? &iquest;Explicar&iacute;a su unanimidad al proclamar el evangelio de Jes&uacute;s bajo amenaza de da&ntilde;o corporal severo, tal vez el sufrido por su maestro, o incluso la muerte? Otra sugerencia es que quiz&aacute;s las autoridades, romanas o jud&iacute;as, tomaron el cuerpo. Esto desaf&iacute;a la explicaci&oacute;n, ya que quer&iacute;an evitar que el cuerpo fuera removido y establecer una guardia romana para evitar que sucediera. Adem&aacute;s, si hubieran tomado el cuerpo, silenciar la proclamaci&oacute;n de los disc&iacute;pulos de que Jes&uacute;s hab&iacute;a resucitado de entre los muertos simplemente requerir&iacute;a la producci&oacute;n del cad&aacute;ver de Cristo. Esto har&iacute;a evidente de inmediato que estaban gravemente equivocados. Esto no sucedi&oacute;. Algunos han sugerido que los disc&iacute;pulos alucinaron que Jes&uacute;s hab&iacute;a resucitado. Un problema con esto es que las alucinaciones no son colectivas sino individuales. Hubo cientos de testigos que afirmaron que hab&iacute;an visto al Cristo resucitado. [21] Quiz&aacute;s Cristo simplemente se desmay&oacute; en la cruz y luego revivi&oacute; en la frescura de la tumba. Si Jes&uacute;s simplemente reviviera, todav&iacute;a habr&iacute;a tenido todas las marcas de su flagelo y necesitar&iacute;a atenci&oacute;n m&eacute;dica seria. &iquest;C&oacute;mo un hombre golpeado y golpeado con tanta necesidad de cuidado habr&iacute;a inspirado a sus seguidores a salir y proclamar enga&ntilde;osamente, bajo amenaza de muerte, que hab&iacute;a resucitado en gloria y poder? Finalmente, existe la sugerencia de que las mujeres fueron a la tumba equivocada. Obviamente, incluso si lo hubieran hecho, este error se corregir&iacute;a r&aacute;pidamente, ya que hab&iacute;a otros testigos del entierro. Las alternativas son menos plausibles que la afirmaci&oacute;n del Nuevo Testamento de que \"ha resucitado, como dijo\". [22]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>Entonces se puede objetar que los registros de la resurrecci&oacute;n no son confiables; porque eran propaganda religiosa destinada a elevar al Jes&uacute;s hist&oacute;rico a un estado divino que &eacute;l mismo nunca quiso que nadie creyera. El problema con esta objeci&oacute;n es que los registros del Nuevo Testamento han demostrado ser documentos confiables arraigados en la historia. Cuando uno considera factores tales como la evidencia del manuscrito, a saber. que el Nuevo Testamento cuenta con la mayor cantidad de copias existentes en comparaci&oacute;n con otros escritos cl&aacute;sicos, lo que hace que la reconstrucci&oacute;n sea mucho m&aacute;s precisa, incluso seg&uacute;n los est&aacute;ndares de la erudici&oacute;n secular, y que las brechas entre los manuscritos originales y las copias son peque&ntilde;as en comparaci&oacute;n con todas las dem&aacute;s obras cl&aacute;sicas considerado confiable para la informaci&oacute;n hist&oacute;rica. Estos dos factores han llevado incluso a un erudito cr&iacute;tico del Nuevo Testamento como John A. T. Robinson a concluir que el Nuevo Testamento es \"con mucho el texto mejor atestiguado de cualquier escritura antigua en el mundo\". [23]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Los primeros escritos del cristianismo dan fe de la historicidad de la resurrecci&oacute;n de Cristo, porque dan fe de una tradici&oacute;n oral a&uacute;n m&aacute;s temprana. Gary Habermas ha demostrado que hay muchos credos y tradiciones incrustados en los textos del Nuevo Testamento, especialmente ciertos escritos de Pablo, que en realidad son anteriores a los textos mismos [24]. Estos credos son una pista importante para descubrir lo que los primeros cristianos cre&iacute;an y ense&ntilde;aban acerca de la persona de Jesucristo. Pronto se hace evidente que no fabricaron un \"Cristo de la fe\" porque no hubo tiempo suficiente para desarrollar tales leyendas y demasiados testigos vivos para permitir que se produzca la distorsi&oacute;n. A trav&eacute;s de las tradiciones orales, las ense&ntilde;anzas apost&oacute;licas fueron memorizadas y transmitidas hasta que fueron registradas en forma escrita. Estos credos confirman el evangelio de Cristo. Uno de ellos parece estar en 1 Corintios 15: 1-4, donde Pablo hace referencia espec&iacute;fica al evangelio como una tradici&oacute;n cre&iacute;da que otros le hab&iacute;an ense&ntilde;ado. El escribe:\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>1 Adem&aacute;s, hermanos, les declaro el evangelio que les prediqu&eacute;, que tambi&eacute;n recibieron y en el que est&aacute;n de pie, 2 por el cual tambi&eacute;n son salvos, si mantienen firme la palabra que les prediqu&eacute;, a menos que creyeran en vano. 3Pues te entregu&eacute; en primer lugar lo que tambi&eacute;n recib&iacute;: que Cristo muri&oacute; por nuestros pecados seg&uacute;n las Escrituras, 4 y que fue sepultado, y que resucit&oacute; al tercer d&iacute;a seg&uacute;n las Escrituras, [25]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Esto nos dice que el \"evangelio\", tal como lo describe Pablo aqu&iacute; como que implica la muerte, sepultura y resurrecci&oacute;n de Jes&uacute;s, no fue su invenci&oacute;n, sino m&aacute;s bien algo que recibi&oacute; como legado de aquellos que llegaron a la fe antes que &eacute;l. Seg&uacute;n Habermas, &ldquo;la mayor&iacute;a de los eruditos cr&iacute;ticos cuestionan algunas de las ep&iacute;stolas que llevan el nombre de Paul. . . Pero los romanos, corintios, g&aacute;latas y filipenses rara vez son cuestionados, incluso por los esc&eacute;pticos &rdquo;[26].\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>1 Corintios y Romanos son dos de los documentos neotestamentarios m&aacute;s acreditados hist&oacute;ricamente, escritos por Pablo a principios de los a&ntilde;os 50 y 60 dC El significado de la fecha es que Cristo muri&oacute; en alg&uacute;n momento dentro de los primeros a&ntilde;os 30 dC por lo tanto, Pablo se refiere a las creencias entre los cristianos que surgi&oacute; poco despu&eacute;s de los eventos reales de la muerte y resurrecci&oacute;n de Cristo. Este no es tiempo suficiente para que se desarrollen leyendas sobre el \"Cristo de la fe\", especialmente cuando m&uacute;ltiples testigos oculares de los eventos a&uacute;n estar&iacute;an vivos y sabr&aacute;n si los eventos se informaron adecuadamente. [27] Junto con los eventos hist&oacute;ricos de la muerte y la resurrecci&oacute;n, est&aacute;n las implicaciones teol&oacute;gicas de estos eventos. Cristo muri&oacute; por nuestros pecados seg&uacute;n las Escrituras, y que resucit&oacute; al tercer d&iacute;a seg&uacute;n las Escrituras \"(seg&uacute;n las Escrituras como referencia de que estos eventos ocurrieron en cumplimiento del presagio del Antiguo Testamento). [28] En Romanos, Pablo habla de la resurrecci&oacute;n como el evento por el cual Jes&uacute;s fue \"declarado hijo de Dios con poder\" [29].\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>Otra evidencia de que la resurrecci&oacute;n ocurri&oacute; seg&uacute;n lo registrado en el Nuevo Testamento es la presencia de testigos oculares. Volviendo a 1 Corintios, es significativo que Pablo, despu&eacute;s de discutir el \"evangelio\" en t&eacute;rminos de la muerte, sepultura y resurrecci&oacute;n de Cristo, pase m&aacute;s tiempo discutiendo sus apariciones posteriores a la resurrecci&oacute;n a personas espec&iacute;ficas.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>5 y que fue visto por Cefas, luego por los doce. 6Despu&eacute;s de eso fue visto por m&aacute;s de quinientos hermanos a la vez, de los cuales la mayor parte permanece hasta el presente, pero algunos se han quedado dormidos. 7Despu&eacute;s de eso fue visto por Santiago, luego por todos los ap&oacute;stoles. 8El &uacute;ltimo de todos fue visto por m&iacute; tambi&eacute;n, como por un nacido fuera de plazo. [30]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Es evidente que Pablo definitivamente quer&iacute;a demostrar que la resurrecci&oacute;n hab&iacute;a ocurrido y que significaba vida eterna para todos los que posteriormente creer&iacute;an en Cristo. Esta es la carga obvia de todo el cap&iacute;tulo cuando Pablo proclama:\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>13 pero si no hay resurrecci&oacute;n de los muertos, entonces Cristo no resucit&oacute;. 14 y si Cristo no ha resucitado, entonces nuestra predicaci&oacute;n est&aacute; vac&iacute;a y tu fe tambi&eacute;n est&aacute; vac&iacute;a. 15 s&iacute;, y nos encontramos con falsos testigos de Dios, porque hemos testificado de Dios que &Eacute;l levant&oacute; a Cristo, a quien no levant&oacute;, si de hecho los muertos no resucitan. 16 porque si los muertos no resucitan, entonces Cristo no resucit&oacute;. 17 Y si Cristo no ha resucitado, tu fe es in&uacute;til; &iexcl;todav&iacute;a est&aacute;s en tus pecados! [31]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Pablo entendi&oacute; el significado cr&iacute;tico de la resurrecci&oacute;n para toda la estructura de la fe cristiana y que, incluso entonces, los testigos oculares deben confirmar su validez hist&oacute;rica. Para &eacute;l, decir que hab&iacute;a m&aacute;s de 500 que vieron al Cristo resucitado a la vez y luego decir que la mayor&iacute;a de ellos todav&iacute;a est&aacute;n vivos para testificar era un gran riesgo para su propia integridad y ministerio si estos eventos no ocurr&iacute;an. Uno de los puntos m&aacute;s significativos sobre los testigos del Cristo resucitado tiene que ver con las mujeres. C. Stephen Evans comenta que, \"Es notable que las mujeres fueron los primeros testigos de la resurrecci&oacute;n\". [32]. &iquest;Por qu&eacute; tan &ldquo;notable&rdquo;? En realidad, aumenta la plausibilidad de los relatos del Evangelio sobre la resurrecci&oacute;n cuando se considera la sociedad patriarcal en la que se present&oacute; este mensaje por primera vez. Si los primeros cristianos realmente escrib&iacute;an propaganda, &iquest;por qu&eacute; incluir&iacute;an algo que, en esta cultura centrada en el hombre, no atraer&iacute;a a muchas personas? &iquest;Qui&eacute;n creer&iacute;a en el testimonio de las mujeres y por qu&eacute; los escritores de los evangelios se arriesgar&iacute;an al rechazo inmediato de los registros del evangelio al sugerir que las mujeres fueron las primeras en ver y reportar la resurrecci&oacute;n? Esto no encaja ni con los objetivos ni con los medios de propaganda, que es apelar a los intereses de las masas para persuadirlos. La &uacute;nica conclusi&oacute;n l&oacute;gica es que estaban escribiendo los hechos tal como hab&iacute;an ocurrido.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Finalmente, consideraremos el entusiasmo de los disc&iacute;pulos y el surgimiento y expansi&oacute;n de la iglesia primitiva. Las posibilidades pol&iacute;ticas y religiosas estaban en contra de los seguidores de Cristo y el movimiento que llevaba su nombre. En vista de estas posibilidades, uno de los elementos m&aacute;s importantes para exigir la atenci&oacute;n de los esc&eacute;pticos y creyentes es la transformaci&oacute;n de una banda de disc&iacute;pulos abatidos y temerosos despu&eacute;s de la crucifixi&oacute;n de Cristo, en una banda de predicadores valientes y entusiastas de la resurrecci&oacute;n bajo amenaza. de da&ntilde;o corporal e incluso la muerte. Los disc&iacute;pulos de Cristo se pondr&iacute;an de pie ante las autoridades y dir&iacute;an: \"Debemos obedecer a Dios en lugar de a los hombres\". [33] Frank Morrison, un periodista ingl&eacute;s que se propuso refutar el cristianismo como un enga&ntilde;o, sali&oacute; de investigar los hechos \"obligados por la pura fuerza de las circunstancias \"para escribir, en cambio, mostrando que Cristo ha resucitado de la muerte. Morrison, abrumado por la evidencia, afirma:\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&ldquo;Quienquiera que llegue a este problema, tarde o temprano, debe enfrentar un hecho que no puede ser explicado o eliminado por ning&uacute;n proceso l&oacute;gico. Nos mira persistentemente a la cara como la certeza concreta e inexpresable de la situaci&oacute;n. Este hecho es que, . . . Una profunda convicci&oacute;n lleg&oacute; al peque&ntilde;o grupo de personas cuyo comportamiento cambi&oacute;, un cambio que atestigua el hecho de que Jes&uacute;s hab&iacute;a resucitado de la tumba [34].\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Este cambio, concluye Morrison, parece explicarse mejor por el hecho de que los disc&iacute;pulos hab&iacute;an visto al Cristo resucitado en gloria y poder y, por lo tanto, se envalentonaron para enfrentarse a los adversarios antes temidos y morir por su compromiso de que Cristo hab&iacute;a resucitado de entre los muertos. No temieron las consecuencias de esta postura audaz porque su Maestro les hab&iacute;a prometido: &ldquo;Yo soy la resurrecci&oacute;n y la vida. El que cree en m&iacute;, aunque muera, vivir&aacute;, y el que vive y cree en m&iacute; nunca morir&aacute; \". [35] Este tema es recogido por el ap&oacute;stol Pablo, quien declara\" Porque si creemos que Jes&uacute;s muri&oacute; y resucit&oacute;, aun as&iacute; Dios traer&aacute; con &eacute;l a los que duermen (han muerto) en Jes&uacute;s \". [36]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Con las palabras \"Dios traer&aacute; con &eacute;l\" volvemos a la perspectiva y promesa de una relaci&oacute;n con Dios. Pablo explica adem&aacute;s que en la resurrecci&oacute;n de Cristo est&aacute; nuestra promesa de resurrecci&oacute;n y que una vez que esto ocurra, \"siempre estaremos con el Se&ntilde;or\". [37] En Cristo, y su resurrecci&oacute;n, Dios ha visitado hist&oacute;ricamente a los seres humanos a quienes le importan y con quienes se preocupa. desea una relaci&oacute;n eterna A trav&eacute;s de la resurrecci&oacute;n de Jes&uacute;s, Dios confirma todo lo que Jes&uacute;s ense&ntilde;&oacute; acerca de la situaci&oacute;n humana y su remedio. Tambi&eacute;n confirm&oacute; las proclamaciones de Cristo sobre s&iacute; mismo y su indispensabilidad como la forma singular de obtener una relaci&oacute;n con Dios. [38] Los disc&iacute;pulos creyeron esto, y debido a esta convicci&oacute;n sobre la resurrecci&oacute;n, se mantuvieron firmes bajo la amenaza de muerte declarando: \"No hay otro nombre bajo el cielo entre los hombres por el cual podamos ser salvos\". [39]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Conclusion:\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Some will still insist a God of love would not exclude others from his eternal blessings simply because they did not know and confess Christ as Savior.&nbsp; To this it might be replied that a God who loves us enough to create us and sustain us would also tend to our spiritual needs as well, and might be expected not to leave us on our own to figure Him out, but rather to cut through the religious and spiritual confusion and provide in time and history a clarion message of deliverance, and confirm that His message has been spoken once and for all by a very special, unmistakable sign that He indeed is behind it all.&nbsp; He would do something decisive and unmistakable about it.&nbsp; The relevance of the Christian message comes through here, because sufficient evidence points to His having done this in no one else but Jesus.&nbsp; Thus we can proclaim confidently with the Apostle &ldquo;There is truly only &ldquo;one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.&rdquo; [40]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lewis relates how he, before becoming a Christian, was so reluctant to &ldquo;pass over from the notion of an abstract . . . deity to the living God.&rdquo;[41] &nbsp; &ldquo;I do not wonder,&rdquo; he remarks, &ldquo;this is the very point at which so many draw back &ndash; I would have done so myself if I could and proceed no further with Christianity.&nbsp; An &lsquo;impersonal God&rsquo; &ndash; well and good.&nbsp; A subjective God of beauty, truth and goodness, inside our own heads &ndash; better still.&nbsp; A formless life-force surging through us, a vast power which we can tap &ndash; best of all.&nbsp; But God Himself, alive, pulling at the other end of the cord, perhaps approaching at an infinite speed, the hunter the king the husband -&nbsp; that is quite another matter.&rdquo;[42]&nbsp; &ldquo;There comes a moment when people who have been dabbling in religion (&lsquo;Man&rsquo;s Search for God!&rsquo;) suddenly draw back.&nbsp; Supposing we really found Him?&nbsp; We never meant it to come to that!&nbsp; Worse still, supposing He had found us?&rdquo; [43]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>[1] Isaiah 45:18\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[2] Nehemiah 9:6\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[3] Geivett, Is Jesus the Only Way?, p. 195.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[4] Ross, Why I Believe in the Miracle of Divine Creation, p. 126.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[5] Geivett, p. 195.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[6] Ibid.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[7] Ibid.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[8] Genesis 3:21\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[9] Leviticus 17:11\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[10] John 1:29&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[11] Hebrews 9:22\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[12] Efesios 1: 7, Colosenses 1:14, Apocalipsis 1: 5\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[13] Romanos 5: 6-11\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[14] Salmo 5: 4\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[15] Salmo 14: 2-3, Romanos 3: 9-20\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[16] Romanos 8: 4, 10: 4; 2 Corintios 5:21\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[17] Romanos 10: 9-10\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[18] Edwin M. Yamauchi, Jes&uacute;s fuera del Nuevo Testamento: &iquest;Cu&aacute;l es la evidencia, en Michael J. Wilkins y JP Moreland, eds., Jes&uacute;s bajo fuego: la erudici&oacute;n moderna reinventa al Jes&uacute;s hist&oacute;rico (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995), &iquest;pp. 208-222? Gary.R. Habermas, por qu&eacute; creo que el Nuevo Testamento es hist&oacute;ricamente confiable, en Norman L. Geisler y Paul K, Hoffman, eds. Por qu&eacute; soy cristiano (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001), p. 15-151.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[19] William Lane Craig, &iquest;Jes&uacute;s resucit&oacute; de los muertos ?, en Michael J. Wilkins y JP Moreland, eds., Jes&uacute;s bajo fuego: la beca moderna reinventa al Jes&uacute;s hist&oacute;rico (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995), p&aacute;gs. 142- 176; Gary .R. Habermas, &iquest;Por qu&eacute; creo que los milagros de Jes&uacute;s realmente sucedieron?, En Norman L. Geiser y Paul K, Hoffman, eds. Por qu&eacute; soy cristiano (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001), pp. 117-124; pp. John G. Stackhouse, &iquest;Se puede confiar en Dios? (Nueva York: Oxford: 1998), pp. 133-146.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[20] Frank Morison, Who Moved the Stone, (Grand Rapids: Zondervan 1977), p&aacute;gs. 88-103.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[21] 1 Corintios 15: 4-8 Uno podr&iacute;a argumentar que el uso de la Biblia para probar la Biblia es el peor caso de plantear la pregunta, pero desde un punto de vista hist&oacute;rico, no hay duda, incluso entre los eruditos m&aacute;s liberales, de la autor&iacute;a de esta carta por parte de Pablo a mediados del siglo primero. Esto ser&iacute;a solo unos 20-30 a&ntilde;os eliminados de los eventos de la muerte y resurrecci&oacute;n de Christi. Los testigos oculares de este evento pudieron ser encontrados y entrevistados. Sin duda, Paul estaba arriesgando su credibilidad al hacer estas afirmaciones, a menos que, por supuesto, lo que dijo es lo que realmente sucedi&oacute;. No hay ninguna raz&oacute;n, excepto por pre suposici&oacute;n, para dudar de que as&iacute; fuera.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[22] Mateo 28: 6\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[23] John A. T. Robinson, &iquest;Podemos confiar en el Nuevo Testamento? (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans), p&aacute;g. 36; citado en Gary .R. Habermas, por qu&eacute; creo que el Nuevo Testamento es hist&oacute;ricamente confiable, en Norman L. Geisler y Paul K, Hoffman, eds. Por qu&eacute; soy cristiano (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001), p. 148-149.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[24] Habermas, Por qu&eacute; creo que el Nuevo Testamento es hist&oacute;ricamente confiable, p&aacute;gs. 156-160.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[25] 1 Corintios 15: 1-4.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[26] Habermas, p. 157\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[27] See note 68\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[28] Psalm 22 is a reference to crucifixion, and Christ&rsquo;s substitution death is detailed in Isaiah 53.&nbsp; Psalm 16 is a clear reference to the resurrection of Yahweh&rsquo;s &ldquo;holy one&rdquo; or Messiah.&nbsp; Peter makes this direct connection to Psalm 16 and the resurrection of Crhist in Acts 2:25-28.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[29] Romans 1:4.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[30] 1 Corinthians 15:5-7\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[31] 1 Corinthians 15:13-17\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[32] C. Stephen Evans, Why Believe? Reason and Mystery as Pointers to God (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986), p. 115. (45:18 &ndash; Emphasis Added)\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[33] Acts 4:19, 5:29\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[34] Frank Morison, Who Moved the Stone (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1977).\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[35] John 11:25 (Cf. 14:19)\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[36] 1 Thessalonians 4:14.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[37] 1 Thessalonians 4:17.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[38] Acts 17:31\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[39] Acts 4:12\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[40] 1 Timothy 2:5\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[41] C.S. Lewis, Miracles, (San Francisco, Harper Collins), 150.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[42] Ibid.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[43] Ibid.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>BIBLIOGRAPHY\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>Anderson, Sir Norman. Christianity and World Religions: The Challenge of Pluralism. Leicester: England: IVP, 1984.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Barbour, Ian. Religion in an Age of Science, The Gifford lectures, Volume One. San Francisco: Harper, 1990.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Colson, Chuck and Pearcey, Nancy. How Now Shall We live? Wheaton, IL: Tyndale, 1999.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Copan, Paul, True for You but Not for Me; Deflating ther Slogans that Leave Christians Speechless.&nbsp; Minneapolis: Bethany, 1998.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Davies, Paul.&nbsp; God and the New Physics. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Evans, C. Stephen. Why Believe? Reason and Mystery as Pointers to God. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Gallup, George Jr., The Next American Spirituality; Finding God iinthe Twenty-First Century, Colorado Springs: Cook Victor, 2000.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Geisler, Norman L. and Hoffman, Paul K., eds. Why I Am&nbsp; A Christian. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Glynn, Patrick, God: The Evidence: The Reconciliation of Faith and Reason in a Postsecualr World. Rocklin, CA: Forum, 1997.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Hick, John. God Has Many Names. Philadelphia; Westminster, 1982.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Klemke, E. D., ed. The Meaning of Life. New York, Oxford, New York: Oxford, 1981.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Lewis, C. S. Mere Christianity. New York: Macmillan, 1952.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>_________. Miracles, San Francisco: Harper, 1947.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>McGrath, Alister E. Intellectuals Don&rsquo;t Need God (and other Modern Myths): Building Bridges to Faith Through Apologetics. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1993.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>McDowell, Josh and Stewart, Don. Handbook of Today&rsquo;s Religions. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1983.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Morison, Frank, Who Moved the Stone? Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1977.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Norris, Richard A. Understanding the Faith of the Church. New York: Seabury, 1979.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Netland, Harold J. Encountering Religious Pluralism, The Challenge to Christian Faith and Mission. Downers Grove: IVP, 2001.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Nozik, Robert. The Examined Life: Philosophical Meditations. New york; Touchstone, 1989.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Prior, Kenneth F. W. The Gospel in a Pagan Society. Downers Grove, IL: IVP, 1975.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Schaeffer, Francis A. The Complete Works of Francis Schaeffer: Volume 5, A Christian View of the West. Westchester, IL: Crossway Books, 1982.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Schroeder, Gerald l. The Science of God. New York: Free Press, 1997.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Stackhouse, John G. Can God Be Trusted?: Faith and the Challenge of Evil. New York: Oxford, 1998.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Wilkins, Michael J. and Moreland, J. P. , eds. Jesus Under Fire: Modern Scholarship Reinvents the Historical Jesus. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995.\u003C\u002Fp>","\n\nNous avons vu que Dieu est l’être parfait et que Christ est l’être parfait. Dieu est l’être parfait en soi et pour soi, et Christ est l’être parfait en soi et pour soi. Dieu est l’être parfait en soi et pour soi, et Christ est l’être parf","\n\n신을 예수 앞에 두고, 예수를 신 앞에 두는 것은 마치 우리가 신을 앞에 두고 예수를 뒤",{"id":44,"title":45,"description":46,"featured":30,"transcript":31,"subtitle":31,"playerembed":31,"category_id":6,"slug":47,"answertype":33,"created_at":48,"updated_at":49,"thumbnail":50,"embed_thumbnail":37,"embed_icon":38,"title_es":51,"description_es":52,"playerembed_es":17,"transcript_es":17,"title_fr":53,"description_fr":54,"playerembed_fr":17,"transcript_fr":17,"title_ko":55,"description_ko":56,"playerembed_ko":17,"transcript_ko":17,"question_id":17,"category_slug":9,"category_name":-1},43,"Transcript: Does God Care If I Suffer?","\u003Cp>Does God Care If I Suffer?\u003C\u002Fp>\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>Dr. Bruce A. Little\u003C\u002Fp>\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>I often say if you want to know the mind of God\r\nis about sin and death and suffering go to the widow Nam, as Jesus is walking\r\nin and the widow is bringing her only son out.&nbsp;He’s died and they are\r\ngoing out to bury him.&nbsp;Jesus comes along.&nbsp;Nobody asked Jesus to do\r\nanything.&nbsp;Nobody says “oh, can’t You bring him back to life.”&nbsp;No,\r\nJesus just looks at what is going on and without anybody asking He reaches down\r\nand He touches the young man and He says “rise up.”&nbsp;That’s the heart of\r\nGod with view to suffering.\u003C\u002Fp>\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>We as Christians at least do not expect\r\neverything to be perfect on this earth.&nbsp;Our hope is that the coming of the\r\nday when Christ will return and there will be a rule of righteousness and the\r\nBible says that no more death.&nbsp;No more sorrow.&nbsp;No more tears.&nbsp;No\r\nmore crying.&nbsp;That’s what we look for but until then we live in a broken\r\nplace and we have a God Who is not indifferent to what is going on.\u003C\u002Fp>\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>He is also a God who is true to Himself.&nbsp;He\r\nis true to what He has given man.&nbsp;I give you freedom of choice within\r\nboundaries.&nbsp;If you use that to do wrong then somebody is going to get\r\nsuffering.&nbsp;God may intervene and reverse circumstances.&nbsp;He can do\r\nthat.&nbsp;I don’t say He can’t.&nbsp;I don’t think that is the rule.&nbsp;I think\r\nthat is the exception but He is always there with His care, His love, His\r\ncomfort to see that we can get through this.\u003C\u002Fp>","transcript-does-god-care-if-i-suffer","2019-12-19T17:42:47.160Z","2023-08-03T05:42:34.350Z","https:\u002F\u002Fs3.amazonaws.com\u002Ftruelife1\u002Ficons\u002F70\u002Fanswerthumbnails\u002Ffull.jpg","Transcripción: ¿Le importa a Dios si sufro?","\u003Cp>&iquest;A Dios le importa si sufro?\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>Dr. Bruce A. Little\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>A menudo digo que si quieres conocer si la mente de Dios se trata del pecado, la muerte y el sufrimiento, ve a la viuda Nam, mientras Jes&uacute;s entra y la viuda est&aacute; sacando a su &uacute;nico hijo. Ha muerto y van a enterrarlo. Jes&uacute;s llega. Nadie le pidi&oacute; a Jes&uacute;s que hiciera nada. Nadie dice \"oh, no puedes traerlo de vuelta a la vida\". No, Jes&uacute;s solo mira lo que est&aacute; sucediendo y sin que nadie le pregunte, se agacha y toca al joven y dice \"lev&aacute;ntate\". Ese es el coraz&oacute;n de Dios y como ve el sufrimiento.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Nosotros, como cristianos, al menos no esperamos que todo sea perfecto en esta tierra. Nuestra esperanza es que la venida del d&iacute;a en que Cristo regresara y habr&aacute; una regla de justicia y la Biblia dice que no m&aacute;s muerte. No m&aacute;s dolor. No m&aacute;s l&aacute;grimas. No m&aacute;s llanto. Eso es lo que buscamos, pero hasta entonces vivimos en un lugar roto y tenemos un Dios que no es indiferente a lo que est&aacute; sucediendo.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Tambi&eacute;n es un Dios que es fiel a s&iacute; mismo. &Eacute;l es fiel a lo que le ha dado al hombre. Te doy libertad de elecci&oacute;n dentro de los l&iacute;mites. Si usas eso para hacer algo malo, entonces alguien sufrir&aacute;. Dios puede intervenir y revertir las circunstancias. El puede hacer eso. No digo que no pueda. No creo que esa sea la regla. Creo que esa es la excepci&oacute;n, pero &Eacute;l siempre est&aacute; all&iacute; con Su cuidado, Su amor, Su consuelo para ver que podamos superar eso.\u003C\u002Fp>","\n\nDieu se soucie-t-il de ma souffrance ?","\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>Dieu se soucie-t-il de ce que je souffre?\u003C\u002Fp>\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>Dr. Bruce A. Little\u003C\u002Fp>\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>Je dis souvent, si vous voulez connaître l'esprit de Dieu, c'est au sujet du péché, de la mort et de la souffrance. Allez voir la","\n\n신은 나가 고통받는 것을 신경 쓰나요?","\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>하나님은 나가 어려움을 겪는 것을 신경 쓰나요?\u003C\u002Fp>\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>브루스 A. 리틀 박사\u003C\u002Fp>\r\n\r",{"id":58,"title":59,"description":60,"featured":30,"transcript":31,"subtitle":31,"playerembed":31,"category_id":6,"slug":61,"answertype":33,"created_at":62,"updated_at":63,"thumbnail":64,"embed_thumbnail":37,"embed_icon":38,"title_es":65,"description_es":66,"playerembed_es":17,"transcript_es":17,"title_fr":67,"description_fr":68,"playerembed_fr":17,"transcript_fr":17,"title_ko":69,"description_ko":70,"playerembed_ko":17,"transcript_ko":17,"question_id":17,"category_slug":9,"category_name":-1},4,"What is Pascal’s Wager?","\u003Cp>Pascal’s Wager is an argument for the existence of God developed by 17th century mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal. Pascal’s Wager is the most famous part of his collection of notes known as the Pensées. With the Wager, Pascal attempted to provide a compelling reason to believe in God based upon happiness and possible outcomes.\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Understanding Pascal’s Wager is easiest when we first look at other Christian arguments. Almost all of the various arguments used by the Christian Church can be divided into two categories. The first category seeks to demonstrate that belief in the existence of God is reasonable, while the second provides reasons to accept specific beliefs of the Christian faith. Pascal explained that the Wager is designed to “incite to the search after God,” so the Wager belongs to the first group. However, Pascal’s Wager is different from nearly all the other arguments for God’s existence in one key respect. While most arguments for the existence of God use evidence and reason to prove the truth of God’s existence, Pascal believed that God’s existence can’t be known without Scripture. He wrote that “if there is a God, He is infinitely incomprehensible . . . . We are then incapable of knowing either what He is or if He is,” and that “reason can decide nothing here. There is an infinite chaos which separated us . . . . According to reason, you can do neither the one thing nor the other; according to reason, you can defend neither of the propositions.” Clearly, Pascal did not encourage belief based on evidence for the existence of God. Instead, he focused on the benefits of belief.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Pascal began his Wager by questioning the real existence of God. According to Pascal, if we don’t trust what the Bible says about God, then God’s existence is like a coin toss. There are only two possibilities: either God exists or He does not. Next, Pascal noted that there were two personal beliefs we could have about God: We can believe that God exists, or that He does not. When Pascal combined the issues of God’s real existence and our personal belief, he determined that there were only four possible outcomes. We might believe that God exists, when in fact He does. We can believe that God exists, even though He does not. Or we could believe that God does not exist, and that belief may be either true or false. Pascal claimed that the choice is unavoidable. If we ignore the question, we essentially choose unbelief. So given these four possibilities, how should we decide what to believe? Pascal wrote that we should choose according to our reason and our happiness. But as previously mentioned, reason cannot aid us in making this decision. This leads us to the heart of Pascal’s Wager: we must base our belief upon our happiness.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>How will our happiness be affected if we wager that God exists? Pascal argued that we will either gain an unlimited amount of happiness or, at worse, lose nothing. “Let us weigh the gain and the loss in wagering that God is. Let us estimate these two chances. If you gain, you gain all; if you lose, you lose nothing. Wager, then, without hesitation that He is.” If we believe in God and God does exist, then the promise of Heaven and eternal life, the Good News of the Gospel, will really be given to us. Furthermore, nothing worthwhile is lost if our faith turns out to be false. Pascal believed that the joy of living a life according to the Bible’s moral teachings was far greater than the pleasures that sin sometimes seems to provide. “You will be faithful, honest, humble, grateful, generous, a sincere friend, truthful. Certainly you will not have those poisonous pleasures, glory and luxury; but will you not have others? I will tell you that you will thereby gain in this life . . . that you will at last recognize that you have wagered for something certain and infinite, for which you have given nothing.” If Pascal is right about this, then we gain more happiness (and therefore “win the bet”) by believing in God, even if He doesn’t actually exist!\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>On the other hand, if we wager that God does not exist, we gain nothing. Pascal did write about Hell (the punishment for unbelief) shortly after discussing the Wager, and it is easy to see how the threat of Hell could help convince someone to bet that God does exist. But Pascal’s Wager doesn’t consider the punishment for unbelief. Pascal was concerned only with happiness and the possible positive outcomes of the wager. Everyone has only one life – a limited amount of time in which we can gain a limited amount of happiness. If we believe in God, we’ll be happier, and there’s the chance that unlimited happiness will be gained. So it seems that the rational choice is to believe that God does exist.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cdiv>\u003Ctable>\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colspan=\"3\">\u003Cp>Pascal’s Wager\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>I Believe\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>I Do Not Believe\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>God Exists\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>Unlimited, Eternal Happiness\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>No Happiness Gained\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>God Does Not Exist\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>Limited Happiness Gained\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>\u003Cp>No Happiness Gained\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>While Pascal’s Wager is intriguing, there are serious difficulties with several key elements of the argument. For example, Scripture rejects Pascal’s claim that reason cannot help us decide the issue of God’s existence. Paul wrote in Rom. 1:19-20 that “what can be known about God is plain to [everyone], because God has shown it to them. For His invisible attributes, namely, His eternal power and Divine Nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made.” When medieval philosopher Thomas Aquinas commented on this verse, he explained that “when an effect is better known to us than its cause, from the effect we proceed to the knowledge of the cause . . . . Hence the existence of God, in so far as it is not self-evident to us, can be demonstrated from those of His effects which are known to us.” In other words, the very world itself, which has been created by God, is full of evidence for God’s existence. We can use reason to examine the world around us and realize that it must have come from a Divine Creator. Furthermore, Jesus proclaimed Himself “The Way, the Truth, and the Life,” (John 14:6) and His disciples argued for the Gospel with evidence and reason to demonstrate that it is true, not merely that it will be good if it is true (e.g., Acts 17:2-3, 1 Peter 3:15, Eph. 4:11-16). This suggests that evidence and reason is not only possible, but critical, to argue for both God’s existence and the Christian faith.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Also, Pascal is wrong when he claims that once someone believes in God, they will have eternal life and unlimited happiness. James 2:19 explains that belief in God is not proof of salvation and a right relationship with Him. “You believe that God is one; you do well. Even the demons believe – and shudder!” The “workers of lawlessness” in Matt. 7:7 and the Pharisees of Matt. 23:27 that “are like whitewashed tombs” believed in God, but they were condemned and rejected by Jesus. Many religions today accept the existence of God, and many otherwise irreligious people believe that God exists. But Scripture is clear that eternal life only comes by believing in Jesus Christ and accepting the free gift of salvation that comes from His death and resurrection (John 3:16, 11:25, Phil. 3:9-11). So according to the Bible, while we must accept that God exists in order to receive eternal life, it is not the only thing we need to believe.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>However, the central idea of Pascal’s Wager is an important truth. Pascal is right to highlight the happiness that comes with a relationship with the one true God. Like Pascal, the Bible frequently proclaims the joy that comes with being a child of God. For example, Paul writes in Phil. 4:7 that “the peace of God, which passes all understanding” is a part of the believer’s life. Christians are promised eternal life (John 3:36, 1 John 5:11-13) and freedom from the penalty of sin (Col. 2:13, Rom. 8:1). 1 John 3:1 tells the Christian to “see what kind of love the Father has given us, that we should be called children of God; and so we are.” Indeed, John 3:16 and Romans 5:8 explain that God’s love for us is so great that, regardless of our sin and failures, He sent His Son, Jesus Christ, to die on our behalf and provide us with the gift of eternal life. Unlimited happiness is assured to the Christian, who has come into a real relationship with this infinitely loving God.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Pascal’s Wager helps reveal to us that the path to true, fulfilling happiness starts by recognizing the existence of this loving God. However, we cannot stop where Pascal’s Wager does. We must move beyond the mere existence of God. We must uncover the nature of God and the saving acts of God, both of which come together in the person of Jesus Christ.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Those who would like to learn more about this topic are encouraged to check out:\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>ONLINE RESOURCES\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Blaise Pascal - Pensées &nbsp;(\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgutenberg\u002Ffiles\u002F18269\u002F18269-h\u002F18269-h.htm\">http:\u002F\u002Fgutenberg\u002Ffiles\u002F18269\u002F18269-h\u002F18269-h.htm\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Peter Kreeft - The Argument from Pascal’s Wager (\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.peterkreeft.com\u002Ftopics\u002Fpascals-wager.htm\">http:\u002F\u002Fwww.peterkreeft.com\u002Ftopics\u002Fpascals-wager.htm\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Ted Wright - Another Look at Pascal's Wager (\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fcrossexamined.org\u002Feternity-has-the-floor-another-look-at-pascals-wager\">http:\u002F\u002Fcrossexamined.org\u002Feternity-has-the-floor-another-look-at-pascals-wager\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>William Lane Craig - Pascal's Wager (\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.reasonablefaith.org\u002Fpascals-wager\">http:\u002F\u002Fwww.reasonablefaith.org\u002Fpascals-wager\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003Cspan>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>PRINT RESOURCES\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Norman Geisler - The Big Book of Christian Apologetics (\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Famzn.com\u002FB00SBXX3TI\">http:\u002F\u002Famzn.com\u002FB00SBXX3TI\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>","what-is-pascal-s-wager","2019-12-19T17:26:41.470Z","2023-08-03T05:48:39.210Z","https:\u002F\u002Fs3.amazonaws.com\u002Ftruelife1\u002Ficons\u002F116\u002Fanswerthumbnails\u002Ffull.jpg","¿Qué es la apuesta de Pascal?","\u003Cp>La apuesta de Pascal es un argumento a favor de la existencia de Dios desarrollado por el matem&aacute;tico y fil&oacute;sofo del siglo XVII Blaise Pascal. La apuesta de Pascal es la parte m&aacute;s famosa de su colecci&oacute;n de notas conocida como Pens&eacute;es. Con la apuesta, Pascal intent&oacute; proporcionar una raz&oacute;n convincente para creer en Dios basada en la felicidad y los posibles resultados.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Comprender la apuesta de Pascal es m&aacute;s f&aacute;cil cuando miramos por primera vez otros argumentos cristianos. Casi todos los diversos argumentos utilizados por la Iglesia cristiana se pueden dividir en dos categor&iacute;as. La primera categor&iacute;a busca demostrar que la creencia en la existencia de Dios es razonable, mientras que la segunda proporciona razones para aceptar creencias espec&iacute;ficas de la fe cristiana. Pascal explic&oacute; que la apuesta est&aacute; dise&ntilde;ada para \"incitar a la b&uacute;squeda de Dios\", por lo que la apuesta pertenece al primer grupo. Sin embargo, la apuesta de Pascal es diferente de casi todos los otros argumentos para la existencia de Dios en un aspecto clave. Mientras que la mayor&iacute;a de los argumentos para la existencia de Dios usan evidencia y raz&oacute;n para probar la verdad de la existencia de Dios, Pascal cre&iacute;a que la existencia de Dios no puede ser conocida sin la Escritura. &Eacute;l escribi&oacute; que &ldquo;si hay un Dios, &Eacute;l es infinitamente incomprensible. . .. Entonces somos incapaces de saber qu&eacute; es &Eacute;l o si lo es \", y esa\" raz&oacute;n no puede decidir nada aqu&iacute;. Hay un caos infinito que nos separ&oacute;. . .. Seg&uacute;n la raz&oacute;n, no puedes hacer ni una cosa ni la otra; seg&uacute;n la raz&oacute;n, no puedes defender ninguna de las proposiciones.&rdquo; Claramente, Pascal no alent&oacute; la creencia basada en la evidencia de la existencia de Dios. En cambio, se centr&oacute; en los beneficios de la creencia.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Pascal comenz&oacute; su apuesta cuestionando la existencia real de Dios. Seg&uacute;n Pascal, si no confiamos en lo que la Biblia dice acerca de Dios, entonces la existencia de Dios es como un lanzamiento de moneda. Solo hay dos posibilidades: Dios existe o no. Luego, Pascal se&ntilde;al&oacute; que hab&iacute;a dos creencias personales que pod&iacute;amos tener sobre Dios: podemos creer que Dios existe o que &Eacute;l no. Cuando Pascal combin&oacute; los problemas de la existencia real de Dios y nuestra creencia personal, determin&oacute; que solo hab&iacute;a cuatro resultados posibles. Podr&iacute;amos creer que Dios existe, cuando en realidad lo hace. Podemos creer que Dios existe, aunque no exista. O podr&iacute;amos creer que Dios no existe, y que la creencia puede ser verdadera o falsa. Pascal afirm&oacute; que la elecci&oacute;n es inevitable. Si ignoramos la pregunta, esencialmente elegimos la incredulidad. Entonces, dadas estas cuatro posibilidades, &iquest;c&oacute;mo deber&iacute;amos decidir qu&eacute; creer? Pascal escribi&oacute; que debemos elegir de acuerdo con nuestra raz&oacute;n y nuestra felicidad. Pero como se mencion&oacute; anteriormente, la raz&oacute;n no puede ayudarnos a tomar esta decisi&oacute;n. Esto nos lleva al coraz&oacute;n de la apuesta de Pascal: debemos basar nuestra creencia en nuestra felicidad.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&iquest;C&oacute;mo se ver&aacute; afectada nuestra felicidad si apostamos a que Dios existe? Pascal argument&oacute; que obtendremos ya sea una cantidad ilimitada de felicidad o, en el peor de los casos, no perderemos nada. &ldquo;Consideremos la ganancia y la p&eacute;rdida en las apuestas que Dios es. Perm&iacute;tanos estimar estas dos oportunidades. Si ganas, ganas todo; si pierdes, no pierdes nada. Apuesta, entonces, sin dudar que &Eacute;l es.&rdquo; Si creemos en Dios y Dios existe, entonces la promesa del Cielo y la vida eterna, las Buenas Nuevas del Evangelio, realmente nos ser&aacute;n dadas. Adem&aacute;s, nada que valga la pena se pierde si nuestra fe resulta ser falsa. Pascal cre&iacute;a que la alegr&iacute;a de vivir una vida seg&uacute;n las ense&ntilde;anzas morales de la Biblia era mucho mayor que los placeres que el pecado a veces parece proporcionar. &ldquo;Ser&aacute;s fiel, honesto, humilde, agradecido, generoso, un amigo sincero, sincero. Ciertamente no tendr&aacute; esos placeres venenosos, gloria y lujo; &iquest;pero no vas a tener otros? Te dir&eacute; que as&iacute; ganar&aacute;s en esta vida. . . que finalmente reconocer&aacute;s que has apostado por algo cierto e infinito, por lo cual no has dado nada&rdquo;. Si Pascal tiene raz&oacute;n sobre esto, entonces ganamos m&aacute;s felicidad (y por lo tanto &ldquo;ganamos la apuesta&rdquo;) al creer en Dios, &iexcl;incluso si realmente no existe!\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Por otro lado, si apostamos a que Dios no existe, no ganamos nada. Pascal escribi&oacute; sobre el Infierno (el castigo por la incredulidad) poco despu&eacute;s de discutir la Apuesta, y es f&aacute;cil ver c&oacute;mo la amenaza del Infierno podr&iacute;a ayudar a convencer a alguien de apostar a que Dios existe. Pero la apuesta de Pascal no considera el castigo por la incredulidad. A Pascal solo le preocupaba la felicidad y los posibles resultados positivos de la apuesta. Todos tenemos una sola vida: una cantidad limitada de tiempo en la que podemos obtener una cantidad limitada de felicidad. Si creemos en Dios, seremos m&aacute;s felices, y existe la posibilidad de que se obtenga una felicidad ilimitada. Entonces parece que la elecci&oacute;n racional es creer que Dios existe.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>La apuesta de Pascal\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Creo o no creo\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Dios existe o Dios no existe\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Ilimitado, Eterna Felicidad O Sin Felicidad&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Si bien la apuesta de Pascal es intrigante, existen serias dificultades con varios elementos clave del argumento. Por ejemplo, las Escrituras rechazan la afirmaci&oacute;n de Pascal de que la raz&oacute;n no puede ayudarnos a decidir el tema de la existencia de Dios. Pablo escribi&oacute; en Rom. 1: 19-20 que &ldquo;lo que se puede saber acerca de Dios es claro para [todos], porque Dios se lo ha mostrado a ellos. Sus atributos invisibles, a saber, su poder eterno y su naturaleza divina, se han percibido claramente, desde la creaci&oacute;n del mundo, en las cosas que se han hecho \". Cuando el fil&oacute;sofo medieval Tom&aacute;s de Aquino coment&oacute; sobre este vers&iacute;culo, explic&oacute; que\" cuando conocemos un efecto mejor que su causa, desde el efecto procedemos al conocimiento de la causa. . . . Por lo tanto, la existencia de Dios, en la medida en que no es evidente para nosotros, puede demostrarse a partir de aquellos de Sus efectos que conocemos \". En otras palabras, el mundo mismo, que ha sido creado por Dios, Est&aacute; lleno de evidencia de la existencia de Dios. Podemos usar la raz&oacute;n para examinar el mundo que nos rodea y darnos cuenta de que debe haber venido de un Creador Divino. Adem&aacute;s, Jes&uacute;s se proclam&oacute; a s&iacute; mismo \"El camino, la verdad y la vida\" (Juan 14: 6) y sus disc&iacute;pulos abogaron por el Evangelio con evidencia y raz&oacute;n para demostrar que es verdad, no simplemente que ser&aacute; bueno si es cierto (por ejemplo, Hechos 17: 2-3, 1 Pedro 3:15, Ef. 4: 11-16). Esto sugiere que la evidencia y la raz&oacute;n no solo son posibles, sino cr&iacute;ticas, para defender tanto la existencia de Dios como la fe cristiana.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Adem&aacute;s, Pascal se equivoca cuando afirma que una vez que alguien crea en Dios, tendr&aacute; vida eterna y felicidad ilimitada. Santiago 2:19 explica que creer en Dios no es prueba de salvaci&oacute;n y una relaci&oacute;n correcta con &Eacute;l. &ldquo;Crees que Dios es uno; lo haces bien. &iexcl;Incluso los demonios creen, y se estremecen!&rdquo; Los trabajadores de la anarqu&iacute;a&rdquo; en Matt. 7: 7 y los fariseos de Matt. 23:27 que \"son como tumbas encaladas\" cre&iacute;an en Dios, pero fueron condenados y rechazados por Jes&uacute;s. Muchas religiones de hoy aceptan la existencia de Dios, y muchas personas irreligiosas creen que Dios existe. Pero la Escritura es clara en que la vida eterna solo viene creyendo en Jesucristo y aceptando el don gratuito de salvaci&oacute;n que viene de Su muerte y resurrecci&oacute;n (Juan 3:16, 11:25, Fil. 3: 9-11). Entonces, seg&uacute;n la Biblia, aunque debemos aceptar que Dios existe para recibir la vida eterna, no es lo &uacute;nico que debemos creer.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Sin embargo, la idea central de la apuesta de Pascal es una verdad importante. Pascal tiene raz&oacute;n al resaltar la felicidad que viene con una relaci&oacute;n con el &uacute;nico Dios verdadero. Al igual que Pascal, la Biblia frecuentemente proclama el gozo que viene de ser un hijo de Dios. Por ejemplo, Pablo escribe en Phil. 4: 7 que \"la paz de Dios, que sobrepasa todo entendimiento\" es parte de la vida del creyente. A los cristianos se les promete vida eterna (Juan 3:36, 1 Juan 5: 11-13) y libertad del castigo del pecado (Col. 2:13, Rom. 8: 1). 1 Juan 3: 1 le dice al cristiano que &ldquo;vea qu&eacute; clase de amor nos ha dado el Padre, para que seamos llamados hijos de Dios; y as&iacute; somos&rdquo;. De hecho, Juan 3:16 y Romanos 5: 8 explican que el amor de Dios por nosotros es tan grande que, independientemente de nuestros pecados y fallas, envi&oacute; a Su Hijo, Jesucristo, a morir en nuestro nombre y proveer nosotros con el don de la vida eterna. La felicidad ilimitada est&aacute; asegurada para el cristiano, que ha entrado en una relaci&oacute;n real con este Dios infinitamente amoroso.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>La apuesta de Pascal nos ayuda a revelarnos que el camino hacia la felicidad verdadera y plena comienza por reconocer la existencia de este Dios amoroso. Sin embargo, no podemos parar donde lo hace la apuesta de Pascal. Debemos ir m&aacute;s all&aacute; de la mera existencia de Dios. Debemos descubrir la naturaleza de Dios y los actos de salvaci&oacute;n de Dios, los cuales se unen en la persona de Jesucristo.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Los que deseen obtener m&aacute;s informaci&oacute;n sobre este tema deben consultar:\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>RECURSOS EN L&Iacute;NEA\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Blaise Pascal - Pens&eacute;es (http: \u002F\u002Fgutenberg\u002Ffiles\u002F18269\u002F18269-h\u002F18269-h.htm)\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Peter Kreeft - El argumento de la apuesta de Pascal (http:\u002F\u002Fwww.peterkreeft.com\u002Ftopics\u002Fpascals-wager.htm)\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Ted Wright - Otra mirada a la apuesta de Pascal (http:\u002F\u002Fcrossexamined.org\u002Feternity-has-the-floor-another-look-at-pascals-wager)\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>William Lane Craig - La apuesta de Pascal (http:\u002F\u002Fwww.reasonablefaith.org\u002Fpascals-wager)\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>RECURSOS IMPRESOS\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Norman Geisler - El gran libro de la apolog&eacute;tica cristiana&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>","\n\nPascal's Wager is an argument in philosophy presented by the seventeenth-century French philosopher, mathematician and physicist Blaise Pascal (1623–1662). It posits that humans bet with their lives that God either exists or does not.\n\nPascal's Wager est un argument en philosophie présenté par le philosophe, mathématicien et physicien français du XVIIe siècle Blaise Pascal (1623","\n\n\u003Cp>La Wager de Pascal est un argument en faveur de l'existence de Dieu développé par le mathématicien et philosophe du XVIIe siècle Blaise Pascal. La Wager de Pascal est la partie la plus célèbre de sa collection de notes connue sous le nom de Pensées. Avec la Wager, Pascal a essayé de fournir une raison convainc","\n\nPascal's Wager란 무엇인가?","\n\n17세기 수학자이자 철학자 블레이즈 파스칼이 개발한 것으로, 신의 존재를 증명하는 ",{"id":72,"title":73,"description":74,"featured":30,"transcript":31,"subtitle":31,"playerembed":31,"category_id":6,"slug":75,"answertype":33,"created_at":76,"updated_at":77,"thumbnail":78,"embed_thumbnail":37,"embed_icon":38,"title_es":79,"description_es":80,"playerembed_es":17,"transcript_es":17,"title_fr":81,"description_fr":82,"playerembed_fr":17,"transcript_fr":17,"title_ko":83,"description_ko":84,"playerembed_ko":17,"transcript_ko":17,"question_id":17,"category_slug":9,"category_name":-1},11,"Can God make a mistake or change His mind?","\u003Cp>The Bible teaches that God can’t make mistakes or change His mind because He is perfect, all-knowing, all-powerful, unchanging, and His will is eternal.\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>God can’t make mistakes because He is perfect in all of His ways. There are many Bible verses that state that God is perfect. Psalm 18:30 says “This God—His way is perfect; the word of the Lord proves true; He is a shield for all those who take refuge in Him.” Moses writes in Deuteronomy 32:4 that “The Rock, His work is perfect, for all His ways are justice.” Jesus taught that God is perfect in the Sermon on the Mount—“You therefore must be perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect” (Matthew 5:48). Since everything God does is perfect, He can’t make a mistake, because a mistake would be an imperfection.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Another reason that God can’t make mistakes is because He is all-knowing and all-powerful. The Bible tells us in many passages that God is all-knowing: “Great is our Lord, abundant in power; His understanding is beyond measure” (Psalm 147:5); “God is greater than our heart, and He knows everything” (1 John 3:20); “Oh, the depths of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are His judgments and how inscrutable His ways!” (Romans 11:33); “And no creature is hidden from His sight, but all are naked and exposed to the eyes of Him to whom we must give an account” (Hebrews 4:13). God is also all-powerful: “Great is our Lord, abundant in power” (Psalm 147:5); “Our God is in the heavens; He does all that He pleases” (Psalm 115:3); “The Lord is slow to anger and great in power” (Nahum 1:3). Paul writes that God “works all things according to the counsel of His will” (Ephesians 1:11). Jesus said “‘What is impossible with man is possible with God’” (Luke 18:27). These passages, and many others, show us that God is all-knowing and all-powerful. If God is all-knowing and all-powerful, then He can’t make mistakes. When someone makes a mistake, it is because he is either unaware of something (a current situation, something that will happen in the future, etc.) or unable to do something he wills. For example, a waiter makes a mistake when he tries to bring a tray of food out to hungry customers but drops the tray on the way. In this case, the waiter wanted to bring the food out but was unable to successfully balance the tray all the way to the table. But God clearly can’t fail to do something He wills, because He is all-powerful. He also can’t be unaware of something, because He is all-knowing. So, because God is all-knowing and all-powerful, He can’t make mistakes.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In addition to not being able to make mistakes, God can’t change His mind either. Numbers 23:19 says “God is not man, that He should lie, or a son of man, that He should change His mind.” God, speaking through Malachi, says “For I the Lord do not change; therefore you, O children of Jacob, are not consumed” (Malachi 3:6). James writes, “Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights with whom there is no variation or shadow due to change” (James 1:17). Hebrews 13:8 says of Jesus, who is God, “Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever.” So if God doesn’t change in any other way, then we can be sure He doesn’t change His mind either.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Another reason that God can’t change His mind is because His will is timeless, or eternal. The Bible teaches that God is eternal and everlasting, and that what He wills, He wills eternally. “The eternal God is your dwelling place, and underneath are the everlasting arms” (Deuteronomy 33:27). “Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever you had formed the earth and the world, from everlasting to everlasting You are God” (Psalm 90:2). Several verses in the New Testament make clear that God is eternal because He is the Creator of time: “but in these last days He has spoken to us by his Son, whom He appointed the heir of all things, through whom also He created the world [lit. the ages]” (Hebrews 1:2); “to the only God, our Savior, through Jesus Christ our Lord, be glory, majesty, dominion, and authority, before all time and now and forever. Amen” (Jude 25); “To the King of the ages, immortal, invisible, the only God, be honor and glory forever and ever. Amen” (1 Timothy 1:17). These passages in the Bible show that God created time and has sovereignty over it. Many verses in the Bible teach that God’s will is eternal: “This was according to the eternal purpose that He has realized in Christ Jesus our Lord” (Ephesians 3:11); “I am God, and there is none like Me, declaring the end from the beginning and from ancient times things not yet done” (Isaiah 46:9-10); “I am the Lord. I have spoken; it shall come to pass; I will do it” (Ezekiel 24:14). Because God is eternal, everything that He wills must have been willed from eternity past. If God has willed everything from eternity, then God’s will is unchanging and He cannot change His mind.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Now that we’ve seen what the Bible teaches on this topic, let’s take a look at two questions that are sometimes asked about God’s unchanging mind.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>“If God wills that different things happen at different times, doesn’t this mean that God changes His mind?” It is true that God wills that different things happen at different times, but that doesn’t mean that He changes His mind. It is possible for God to will that things change without changing His will. We do this all the time. For example, someone may will to live in an apartment for two years, fully intending to move into a house afterwards. At the end of the two years, when he moves from the apartment to the house, his will has not changed. Instead, he willed the change from the beginning. In the same way, God can will that changes happen without changes in His will.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Another question that often comes up is: “What about verses that speak of God regretting, repenting, or relenting (e.g., Genesis 6:6; 1 Samuel 15:35; Exodus 32:14)? Don’t these verses mean that God changes His mind?” These verses should be understood metaphorically. Metaphors are used in the Bible to say things about God or about His actions that are true but are described in poetic ways that should not be taken literally. One type of metaphor that the Bible uses is called an anthropomorphism. An anthropomorphism is a metaphor that describes God using words that usually describe human beings because it is easier for humans to understand. For example, there are many verses that speak of God having body parts (e.g., Exodus 7:5, Numbers 6:25, and Psalm 34:15). Whenever the Bible attributes human characteristics to God, these verses should be interpreted metaphorically. So when the Bible speaks of God repenting, etc., we shouldn’t take this to mean that God changes His mind. Rather, we should understand these passages as metaphorically describing a change in God’s actions over His creation. In fact, 1 Samuel 15:29 says “the Glory of Israel will not lie or have regret, for He is not a man, that He should have regret.” So, for example, in Genesis 6:6 God is said to regret only by comparison to humans who are filled with regret. Humans who regret what they have done destroy their work, so God is described as regretting because He destroyed the wicked on the earth through the flood.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In conclusion, the Bible teaches that God can’t make mistakes because He is perfect, all-knowing, and all-powerful, and that He can’t change His mind because He is unchanging and eternal.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>(All Bible quotes taken from the English Standard Version unless otherwise noted.)\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Those who would like to read more on this topic are encouraged to check out:\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>ONLINE RESOURCES\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>GotQuestions.org - Does God Make Mistakes? (\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.gotquestions.org\u002Fdoes-God-make-mistakes.html\">http:\u002F\u002Fwww.gotquestions.org\u002Fdoes-God-make-mistakes.html\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>GotQuestions.org - Can God Change His Mind? (\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.gotquestions.org\u002FGod-change-mind.html\">http:\u002F\u002Fwww.gotquestions.org\u002FGod-change-mind.html\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>CARM.org - Can God Change His Mind? (\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcarm.org\u002Fcan-god-change-his-mind\">https:\u002F\u002Fcarm.org\u002Fcan-god-change-his-mind\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>CARM.org - Anthropomorphisms. (\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcarm.org\u002Fanthropomorphism-god-relates-us-human-terms\">https:\u002F\u002Fcarm.org\u002Fanthropomorphism-god-relates-us-human-terms\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003Cspan>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>PRINT RESOURCES\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Norm Geisler - &nbsp;Systematic Theology, Vol. 2: God\u002FCreation (\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Famzn.com\u002F0764225529\">http:\u002F\u002Famzn.com\u002F0764225529\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>","can-god-make-a-mistake-or-change-his-mind","2019-12-19T17:32:01.210Z","2023-08-03T05:54:24.681Z","https:\u002F\u002Fs3.amazonaws.com\u002Ftruelife1\u002Ficons\u002F109\u002Fanswerthumbnails\u002Ffull.jpg","¿Puede Dios cometer un error o cambiar de opinión?","\u003Cp>La Biblia ense&ntilde;a que Dios no puede cometer errores ni cambiar de opini&oacute;n porque es perfecto, todo lo sabe, todopoderoso, inmutable y su voluntad es eterna.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Dios no puede cometer errores porque es perfecto en todos sus caminos. Hay muchos vers&iacute;culos b&iacute;blicos que dicen que Dios es perfecto. El Salmo 18:30 dice: &ldquo;En cuanto a Dios, perfecto es su camino, y acrisolada la palabra de Jehov&aacute;; escudo es a todos los que en &eacute;l esperan.\". Mois&eacute;s escribe en Deuteronomio 32:4 que \" &Eacute;l es la Roca, cuya obra es perfecta, porque todos sus caminos son rectitud; Dios de verdad, y sin ninguna iniquidad en &eacute;l; Es justo y recto.\". Jes&uacute;s ense&ntilde;&oacute; que Dios es perfecto en el Serm&oacute;n de la monta&ntilde;a&mdash; &ldquo;Sed, pues, vosotros perfectos, como vuestro Padre que est&aacute; en los cielos es perfecto.&rdquo; (Mateo 5:48). Puesto que todo lo que Dios hace es perfecto, no puede cometer un error, porque un error ser&iacute;a una imperfecci&oacute;n.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Otra raz&oacute;n por la que Dios no puede cometer errores es porque &Eacute;l es omnisciente y todopoderoso. La Biblia nos dice en muchos pasajes que Dios lo sabe todo: &ldquo;Grande es el Se&ntilde;or nuestro, y de mucho poder; y su entendimiento es infinito.&rdquo; (Salmo 147: 5); \" pues si nuestro coraz&oacute;n nos reprende, mayor que nuestro coraz&oacute;n es Dios, y &eacute;l sabe todas las cosas.\" (1 Juan 3:20)! &iexcl;Oh profundidad de las riquezas de la sabidur&iacute;a y de la ciencia de Dios! &iexcl;Cu&aacute;n insondables son sus juicios, e inescrutables sus caminos! &rdquo;(Romanos 11:33); \" Y no hay cosa creada que no sea manifiesta en su presencia; antes bien todas las cosas est&aacute;n desnudas y abiertas a los ojos de aquel a quien tenemos que dar cuenta.\" (Hebreos 4:13). Dios tambi&eacute;n es todopoderoso: \"Grande es nuestro Se&ntilde;or, abundante en poder\" (Salmo 147: 5); &ldquo;Nuestro Dios est&aacute; en los cielos; todo lo que quiso ha hecho.&rdquo; (Salmo 115: 3); \" Jehov&aacute; es tardo para la ira y grande en poder,\" (Nah&uacute;m 1: 3). Pablo escribe que Dios \"hace todas las cosas seg&uacute;n el designio de su voluntad\" (Efesios 1:11). Jes&uacute;s dijo: \" Lo que es imposible para los hombres, es posible para Dios.\" (Lucas 18:27). Estos pasajes, y muchos otros, nos muestran que Dios es omnisciente y todopoderoso. Si Dios es omnisciente y todopoderoso, entonces no puede cometer errores. Cuando alguien comete un error, es porque no es consciente de algo (una situaci&oacute;n actual, algo que suceder&aacute; en el futuro, etc.) o no puede hacer algo que quiere. Por ejemplo, un camarero comete un error cuando intenta llevar una bandeja de comida a los clientes hambrientos, pero deja caer la bandeja en el camino. En este caso, el camarero quer&iacute;a sacar la comida, pero no pudo equilibrar con &eacute;xito la bandeja hasta la mesa. Pero Dios claramente no puede dejar de hacer algo que quiere, porque es todopoderoso. Tampoco puede ignorar algo, porque lo sabe todo. Entonces, como Dios es omnisciente y todopoderoso, no puede cometer errores.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Adem&aacute;s de no poder cometer errores, Dios tampoco puede cambiar de opini&oacute;n. N&uacute;meros 23:19 dice: \" Dios no es hombre, para que mienta, ni hijo de hombre para que se arrepienta\". Dios, hablando a trav&eacute;s de Malaqu&iacute;as, dice: \" Porque yo Jehov&aacute; no cambio; por esto, hijos de Jacob, no hab&eacute;is sido consumidos&rdquo; (Malaqu&iacute;as 3: 6). Santiago escribe: \" Toda buena d&aacute;diva y todo don perfecto desciende de lo alto, del Padre de las luces, en el cual no hay mudanza, ni sombra de variaci&oacute;n.\" (Santiago 1:17). Hebreos 13: 8 dice de Jes&uacute;s, quien es Dios, \"Jesucristo es el mismo ayer, hoy y siempre\". Entonces, si Dios no cambia de otra manera, entonces podemos estar seguros de que &Eacute;l tampoco cambia de opini&oacute;n.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Otra raz&oacute;n por la que Dios no puede cambiar de opini&oacute;n es porque su voluntad es eterna. La Biblia ense&ntilde;a que Dios es eterno, y que lo que quiere, lo hace eternamente. \"El Dios eterno es tu refugio, y debajo est&aacute;n los brazos eternos\" (Deuteronomio 33:27). \" Antes que naciesen los montes y formases la tierra y el mundo, desde el siglo y hasta el siglo, t&uacute; eres Dios.\" (Salmo 90: 2). Varios vers&iacute;culos en el Nuevo Testamento dejan en claro que Dios es eterno porque &Eacute;l es el Creador del tiempo: \" en estos postreros d&iacute;as nos ha hablado por el Hijo, a quien constituy&oacute; heredero de todo, y por quien asimismo hizo el universo; [lit. las edades] &rdquo;(Hebreos 1: 2); &ldquo;Por tanto, al Rey de los siglos, inmortal, invisible, al &uacute;nico y sabio Dios, sea honor y gloria por los siglos de los siglos. Am&eacute;n.&rdquo; (1 Timoteo 1:17). Estos pasajes en la Biblia muestran que Dios cre&oacute; el tiempo y tiene soberan&iacute;a sobre &eacute;l. Muchos vers&iacute;culos en la Biblia ense&ntilde;an que la voluntad de Dios es eterna: \" conforme al prop&oacute;sito eterno que hizo en Cristo Jes&uacute;s nuestro Se&ntilde;or,\" (Efesios 3:11); \" Acordaos de las cosas pasadas desde los tiempos antiguos; porque yo soy Dios, y no hay otro Dios, y nada hay semejante a m&iacute;, que anuncio lo por venir desde el principio, y desde la antig&uuml;edad lo que a&uacute;n no era hecho; que digo: Mi consejo permanecer&aacute;, y har&eacute; todo lo que quiero;\" (Isa&iacute;as 46: 9-10); &ldquo;Yo Jehov&aacute; he hablado; vendr&aacute;, y yo lo har&eacute;. No me volver&eacute; atr&aacute;s, ni tendr&eacute; misericordia, ni me arrepentir&eacute;; seg&uacute;n tus caminos y tus obras te juzgar&aacute;n, dice Jehov&aacute; el Se&ntilde;or.&rdquo; (Ezequiel 24:14). Debido a que Dios es eterno, todo lo que quiere debe haber sido querido desde la eternidad pasada. Si Dios ha querido todo desde la eternidad, entonces la voluntad de Dios no cambia y no puede cambiar de opini&oacute;n.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Ahora que hemos visto lo que la Biblia ense&ntilde;a sobre este tema, echemos un vistazo a dos preguntas que a veces se hacen sobre la mente inmutable de Dios.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>\"Si Dios quiere que sucedan cosas diferentes en momentos diferentes, &iquest;no significa esto que Dios cambia de opini&oacute;n?\" Es cierto que Dios quiere que cosas diferentes sucedan en momentos diferentes, pero eso no significa que cambie de opini&oacute;n. Es posible que Dios quiera que las cosas cambien sin cambiar su voluntad. Hacemos esto todo el tiempo. Por ejemplo, alguien puede vivir en un departamento por dos a&ntilde;os, con la intenci&oacute;n de mudarse a una casa despu&eacute;s. Al final de los dos a&ntilde;os, cuando se muda del departamento a la casa, su voluntad no ha cambiado. En cambio, quiso el cambio desde el principio. De la misma manera, Dios puede querer que los cambios sucedan sin cambios en su voluntad.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Otra pregunta que a menudo surge es: &ldquo;&iquest;Qu&eacute; pasa con los vers&iacute;culos que hablan de que Dios se arrepiente, se arrepiente o cede (por ejemplo, G&eacute;nesis 6: 6; 1 Samuel 15:35; &Eacute;xodo 32:14)? &iquest;No significan estos vers&iacute;culos que Dios cambia de opini&oacute;n? \"Estos vers&iacute;culos deben entenderse metaf&oacute;ricamente. Las met&aacute;foras se usan en la Biblia para decir cosas acerca de Dios o de sus acciones que son verdaderas pero que se describen en formas po&eacute;ticas que no deben tomarse literalmente. Un tipo de met&aacute;fora que usa la Biblia se llama antropomorfismo. Un antropomorfismo es una met&aacute;fora que describe a Dios usando palabras que generalmente describen a los seres humanos porque es m&aacute;s f&aacute;cil de entender para los humanos. Por ejemplo, hay muchos vers&iacute;culos que hablan de que Dios tiene partes del cuerpo (por ejemplo, &Eacute;xodo 7: 5, N&uacute;meros 6:25 y Salmo 34:15). Cada vez que la Biblia atribuye caracter&iacute;sticas humanas a Dios, estos vers&iacute;culos deben interpretarse metaf&oacute;ricamente. Entonces, cuando la Biblia habla de Dios arrepinti&eacute;ndose, etc., no debemos tomar esto como que Dios cambia de opini&oacute;n. M&aacute;s bien, debemos entender estos pasajes como una descripci&oacute;n metaf&oacute;rica de un cambio en las acciones de Dios sobre su creaci&oacute;n. De hecho, 1 Samuel 15:29 dice que \"la Gloria de Israel no mentir&aacute; ni se arrepentir&aacute;, porque &Eacute;l no es un hombre, para arrepentirse\". As&iacute;, por ejemplo, en G&eacute;nesis 6: 6 se dice que Dios lamenta. solo en comparaci&oacute;n con los humanos que est&aacute;n llenos de arrepentimiento. Los humanos que lamentan lo que han hecho destruyen su trabajo, por lo que se describe a Dios como lamentando porque destruy&oacute; a los imp&iacute;os en la tierra a trav&eacute;s del diluvio.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>En conclusi&oacute;n, la Biblia ense&ntilde;a que Dios no puede cometer errores porque es perfecto, omnisciente y todopoderoso, y que no puede cambiar de opini&oacute;n porque es inmutable y eterno.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>(Todas las citas b&iacute;blicas tomadas de la versi&oacute;n est&aacute;ndar en ingl&eacute;s a menos que se indique lo contrario).\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Se recomienda a quienes deseen leer m&aacute;s sobre este tema que echen un vistazo:\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>RECURSOS EN L&Iacute;NEA\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>GotQuestions.org - Does God Make Mistakes? (http:\u002F\u002Fwww.gotquestions.org\u002Fdoes-God-make-mistakes.html)\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>GotQuestions.org - Can God Change His Mind? (http:\u002F\u002Fwww.gotquestions.org\u002FGod-change-mind.html)\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>CARM.org - Can God Change His Mind? (https:\u002F\u002Fcarm.org\u002Fcan-god-change-his-mind)\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>CARM.org - Anthropomorphisms. (https:\u002F\u002Fcarm.org\u002Fanthropomorphism-god-relates-us-human-terms)\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>RECURSOS IMPRESOS\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Norm Geisler -&nbsp; Systematic Theology, Vol. 2: God\u002FCreation)\u003C\u002Fp>","\n\nDieux peut-il se tromper ou changer d'avis?","\n\n\u003Cp>La Bible enseigne que Dieu ne peut pas se tromper ou changer d'avis car il est parfait, omniscient, tout-puissant, immuable et sa volonté est éternelle.\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Dieu ne peut pas se tromper car il est parfait dans toutes ses voies.","\n\n신은 잘못을 할 수 있거나 마음을 바꿀 수 있을까요?","\n\n성경은 실수나 바꿀 수 없는 하나님을 가르치고 있으며, 이는 하나님이 완벽하고 모든",{"id":86,"title":87,"description":88,"featured":30,"transcript":31,"subtitle":31,"playerembed":31,"category_id":6,"slug":31,"answertype":33,"created_at":34,"updated_at":89,"thumbnail":36,"embed_thumbnail":37,"embed_icon":38,"title_es":90,"description_es":91,"playerembed_es":17,"transcript_es":17,"title_fr":92,"description_fr":17,"playerembed_fr":17,"transcript_fr":17,"title_ko":93,"description_ko":17,"playerembed_ko":17,"transcript_ko":17,"question_id":17,"category_slug":9,"category_name":-1},96,"Getting from God to Christ (Part 1)","\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>There is a God,\u003C\u002Fstrong>&nbsp;\u003Cstrong>and humans may have a personal relationship with God&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>\u003Cem>but only through faith in Jesus Christ as Savior.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>As a whole this three-part proposition represents the central claim of Christianity.&nbsp; Yet despite its nearly universal acceptability among Christians, it flies in the face of every other religion or individual spiritual “seeker” in the world, for it claims specificity as to how individuals come to experience a relationship with God.&nbsp; Such a particular God is an offense to this modern mind set.&nbsp; British author and Christian apologist C.S. Lewis, writing in 1947, was no stranger to this mind-set.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>We who defend Christianity find ourselves constantly opposed not by the irreligion of our hearers but by their real religion. Speak about beauty, truth and goodness, or about a God who is simply the indwelling principle of these three, speak about a great spiritual force pervading all things, a common mind of which we are all parts, a pool of generalized spirituality to which we can all flow, and you will command friendly interest.&nbsp; But the temperature drops as soon as you mention a God who has purposes and performs particular actions, who does one thing and not another, a concrete, choosing, commanding, prohibiting God with determinate character.&nbsp; People become embarrassed or angry.&nbsp; Such a conception seems to them primitive and crude and even irreverent.[1]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Recently American pollster George Gallup Jr. reported the results of a “Twenty-four–Hour Spiritual Practice Survey.”[2]&nbsp; According to Gallup, “Not only do most Americans (nine out of ten) believe in God, almost half claim to have experienced the presence of that God within a twenty-four-hour period.”[3]&nbsp;&nbsp; Apparently then, most Americans would believe that there is a God, and that a relationship of some kind (sensing God’s presence) is possible.&nbsp; Yet about 3 out of 4 of these people (72%) are more likely to say that spirituality is much more a personal and individual matter, than one centered on any particular religious tradition.[4]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;“I’m spiritual, not religious,” is the mantra of this modern spirituality.&nbsp; It is common for people these days to still feel quite comfortable with the notion that everyone can have a relationship with God, as long as they can define “God” and “relationship” in their own way, and allow every other individual the same luxury. This then leads to the ide&nbsp;a that one must never suggest that his or her way of relating to God is any better than anyone else’s.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>While most moderns and even theists would assent to the first, and perhaps even the second, part of the proposition; “There is a God and humans may have a personal relationship with God,” it is the third part that they find hard to accept because it claims a certain exclusivity that they find unpalatable in today’s culture of religious pluralism, postmodernism and tolerance.&nbsp; Consequently, “We see in dipping from this well and that spring a postmodern resistance to declaring one set of religious teaching true.”[5]&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>This way of thinking has tremendous implications for evangelism and Christian mission.&nbsp; The late Wilfred Cantwell Smith, professor of religion at Harvard, captured the essence of these implications when he considered it “. . . morally not possible . . . to go out into the world and say to devout, intelligent human beings: ‘We are saved, and you are damned’; or, ‘We believe that we know God, and we are right; you believe that you know God and you are totally wrong.”[6]&nbsp; Smith goes so far as to call such activities &nbsp;“contrary to the spirit of Christ.”[7]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In contrast, however, it cannot be denied that Jesus Christ made particular and exclusive claims about himself.&nbsp; He taught, “I am the way the truth and the life,&nbsp;\u003Cem>no one\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;comes to the Father&nbsp;\u003Cem>except\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;through me.”[8]&nbsp;He told people that there is a “broad” road that leads to destruction, occupied by “\u003Cem>many\u003C\u002Fem>,”&nbsp; and a “narrow” road that leads to life, found by “\u003Cem>few\u003C\u002Fem>.”[9]&nbsp;&nbsp;He said that He came “to seek and to save the lost,”[10]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;presupposing that there are&nbsp;\u003Cem>lost\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;people in ne&nbsp;ed of Him.&nbsp; He clearly told his followers to go into the whole world and make disciples of\u003Cem>&nbsp;panta ta ethne (\u003C\u002Fem>every people group), teaching them&nbsp;\u003Cem>His\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;commandments.[11]&nbsp; This decree implies at least two things offensive to pluralists; 1) individuals from many ethnic groups will not be saved&nbsp;\u003Cem>unless\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;they hear&nbsp;\u003Cem>Christ’s\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;message and 2) not all value systems or beliefs are acceptable to Christ, that is, only&nbsp;\u003Cem>His&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fem>commands are ultimately to be obeyed.&nbsp; It &nbsp;is clear that in Jesus’ self-understanding no one could have a proper relationship with God apart from Him.[12]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Further, Christ’s apostles understood and continued to&nbsp;propagate Christ’s own particularism. They proclaimed and taught that, “there is&nbsp;\u003Cem>no other name\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;under heaven whereby we must be saved,”[13]&nbsp;&nbsp;and that Christ Jesus is the “\u003Cem>one mediator\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;between God and men.”[14]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Particularism has always been a part of the Christian message, and is the legacy handed down to present believers.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>To remain true to Christ we must be particularists.&nbsp; Harold Netland describes particularism as follows, “even when due allowance is made for elements of truth, value and beauty in other religions, particularists hold that by and large non-Christian religions provide a false or inaccurate picture of reality and that salvation is not attained through the beliefs and practices of other religious traditions.&nbsp; Central to particularism is the convictions that God has revealed Himself definitively through the Scriptures and the incarnation, that Jesus Christ is the one Savior for all people in all cultures and that people are to acknowledge and worship Jesus alone.”&nbsp;\u003Ca target=\"_blank\">[15]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>It seems that modern people, whether scholars or every day lay people, in the name of tolerance, are siding with pluralism rather than any particular system. This cultural and even global context requires that we make a cumulative case for the plausibility of the particularistic statements of Jesus and the apostles, rather than simply cite them as authoritative.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>My goal in this essay, then, is to explain that the worldview assumptions that allow for a person to assent to the first and second parts of the proposition lead coherently to the third, more particular claim.&nbsp; I will seek first to demonstrate this through a consideration of how recent scientific findings about the universe, and common existential human concerns, compel us to assent to the first two parts.&nbsp; Then, building on these commonly shared assumptions, I will seek to demonstrate the coherence and plausibility of the more particular view that this same God desires and enables such a relationship with his human creation, has prescribed the terms of that relationship, has the prerogative to do so, and has manifested those terms clearly and conclusively for all humans in the life and work of Jesus Christ. &nbsp;&nbsp;While this appeal is primarily to the vast majority of people who do believe in some kind of God or spiritual power, it will be necessary to show, briefly, why theism is more tenable than naturalism for arguing Christian theism in particular.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>Part One: There is a God . . .\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Ch2>The universe was designed&nbsp;with&nbsp;humans in mind\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>On the whole we do not live in a human friendly universe.&nbsp; Yet our planet is the only one we know of that is a magnificent life-support system.&nbsp; Our atmosphere with all its gases and protective layers makes this an oxygen rich environment, thermally regulated to keep the temperature at just the right levels so that liquid water falls and flows enabling humans to live and thrive. Our protective atmosphere also regularly burns up space debris and rocks that could pulverize our planet’s surface, and us, with deadly force.&nbsp; If not for all these factors, and the necessary conditions of our solar system and universe that make them possible, we would not be here, in fact we never would have come to be in the first place.[16]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There seems to be no real reason to expect that the earth would be any different from any other planet in the solar system which all have environments inimical to human existence.&nbsp; Why is earth such a remarkable life-support system?&nbsp; How did it come to be this way?&nbsp; This is an age-old question that has prompted enough wonder to fuel the scientific quest for ages.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>People have come to different conclusions, of course, about the “why” of our existence and the conditions that make it possible.&nbsp; Astrophysicist Paul Davies sums up the two basic perspectives in the following question,\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>“Was our universe created in a very special state, carefully fashioned so that, in the fullness of time, life and eventually mind would blossom forth to marvel at it?&nbsp; Or do we live amid a monstrous and meaningless accident, a cosmic eruption from nothing that has occurred purely at random?&nbsp; Surely there can be no more pressing task for today’s cosmologist than to tackle that central question of existence.”[17]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Thus, in answer to the “why” question, there are two basic answers. One, there is no “why” or reason, it just happened and here we are, or, two, it is all here by design. These suggestions seem to clearly polarize the options about how the universe came to be.&nbsp; Jacques Monod has aligned himself with the former position of meaninglessness stating that “Man knows at last that he is alone in the universe’s unfeeling immensity, out of which he emerged only by chance.”[18] This position seems to be neither scientifically supportable, nor existentially satisfying.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>For example, Patrick Glynn, professor at George Washington University, has sided with the latter position.&nbsp; Of particular interest with Glynn’s work is his personal history of having come from the former conclusion of meaninglessness to his present position that God created the universe.[19]&nbsp;This was, as he describes in his book, a huge paradigm shift, as it brought him from atheistic nihilism to a position of theistic faith.&nbsp; In describing the quest that led him to theism he writes “Gradually I realized that in the twenty years since I opted for philosophical atheism, a vast, systematic literature had emerged that had not only cast deep doubt on, but also, from any reasonable perspective, effectively refuted my atheistic outlook.”[20]&nbsp; Glynn describes how this paradigm shift came about for him especially with regard to the issue of the universe’s design.&nbsp; He writes, “Modern thinkers assumed that science would reveal the universe to be ever more random and mechanical; instead it has discovered unexpected new layers of intricate order that bespeak an almost unimaginably vast master design.”[21]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>That scientific discovery to which Glynn refers has been called the&nbsp;\u003Cem>anthropic principle\u003C\u002Fem>.&nbsp; It emerged in the early 1970s and has been gaining momentum within the scientific community for nearly thirty years.&nbsp; According to Glynn, the anthropic principle essentially claims, “all the seemingly arbitrary and unrelated constants in physics have one strange thing in common. – these are precisely the values you need if you want to have a universe capable of producing life.”[22]&nbsp; Further, “. . . all the myriad laws of physics were fine-tuned from the very beginning of the universe for the creation of man – that the universe we inhabit appeared to be expressly designed for the emergence of human beings.”[23]&nbsp; &nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>With regard to the question of the remarkable order of the universe itself, purely naturalistic and materialistic explanations leave too much unaccounted for to satisfy either intellect or psyche. &nbsp;I have a difficult time both cognitively and existentially accepting that this entire universe, the earth and its inhabitants are an accidental product of mindless energy acting by chance on inanimate matter.&nbsp; To suggest this is as unreasonable to me as suggesting that the computer upon which I type this essay is the accidental product of non-intelligence that just emerged over long periods of time by pure chance into its present, complex form.&nbsp; The computer was created on purpose, and intelligence had to plan and organize the delicate interrelatedness of its constituent parts.&nbsp; I concur with philosopher Richard Swinburne who writes, “The existence of order in the universe increases significantly the probability that there is a God.”[24] And the more it is understood; the anthropic principle elicits a universe programmed with incredible order.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Perhaps this is part of the reason that most people are theists of some sort, or at least entertaining the probability of some kind of Mind behind the universe.&nbsp; In fact, this contemporary restructuring of the age-old teleological argument makes the existence of God much more plausible to many scientists and philosophers who are considering at least a rudimentary theistic view of the cosmos.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Davies, for example, explains, “Translated into a cosmological context, the conundrum is this.&nbsp; If the universe is simply an accident, the odds against it containing any appreciable order are ludicrously small.”[25]&nbsp; He adds, “ . . . it appears hard to escape the conclusion that the actual state of the universe has been ‘chosen’ or selected. . .”[26]&nbsp; Davies makes the&nbsp; following conclusion with regard to the anthropic principle of design, “the seemingly miraculous concurrence of numerical values that nature has assigned to her fundamental constants must remain the most compelling evidence for an element of cosmic design.”[27]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Physicist and Hebrew scholar Gerald L. Schroeder, who identifies himself as having been on the ‘adversary’s team’ for years as an MIT scientist, has come to the position that the universe came to be exactly as the Bible states it.&nbsp; God created it.&nbsp; He, like Glynn and Davies, sees anthropic design as that in which the physical variables of the universe “are so precisely balanced toward the needs of life that the universe appears designed for life.”[28]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Ian Barbour has summed up the concept of the anthropic principle as it has impacted the scientific community as follows, “Astrophysicists have found that life in the universe would have been impossible if some of the physical constants and other conditions in the early universe had differed even slightly from the values they had.&nbsp; The universe seems to be so ‘fine-tuned’ for the possibility of life.”[29]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Hugh Ross, himself a scientist and deep skeptic of the Bible until he studied it from a scientific standpoint, has this to say, “thirty-five years of research on the Anthropic Principle (the universe’s tendency to provide every necessity for human life and sustenance) has built an expanding, rather than diminishing, body of evidence for divine design.”[30]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>This scientific data does not prove the existence of God beyond all doubt, for sure, but it does provide ample data to at least say that it makes belief in an intelligent creator more plausible.&nbsp; The anthropic principle, however, takes us beyond the basic teleological argument for God’s existence, for it takes us beyond the phenomenon of design to consider the actual purpose of the design.&nbsp; The universe was created the way it was so that life, and especially human life could emerge and flourish.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The anthropic principle has not only to do with how the universe was put together, but also how it&nbsp;\u003Cem>stays&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fem>together, and makes life possible everyday.&nbsp;&nbsp; Thus it points to the theistic conclusion, accepted by most, that there is a God that somehow takes continual interest in his creation, especially humankind, by putting in place and maintaining all these physical constants that are necessary to sustain our lives on this planet. From there we may conclude that not only does this God take interest in our physical well being, but also our spiritual well-being as persons yearning for meaning and truth and love. &nbsp;The anthropic idea gives us two remarkable clues leading to the discovery about the truth of our spiritual lives.&nbsp; First; God sets the conditions for our existence as humans, and secondly; God cares about our total well-being; i.e. God cares about us as both physical and spiritual beings.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Whether we agree with the arrangement or not is immaterial.&nbsp; If we are, as humans, going to survive and thrive in a physical sense, we must remain within the parameters of the physical conditions that have been ordained for our physical well being in this universe and on this planet.&nbsp; If we want to live we must order our lives according to what has been set up for us; if we do not, we will suffer, or even perish.[31]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>It would seem logical that we should expect nothing less in the spiritual realm of our existence; i.e. that God has ordained specific conditions for our spiritual existence within which we must live to flourish.&nbsp; If we do not, then we will spiritually suffer.&nbsp; This latter suggestion, about spiritual conditions for life, seems necessary as it does not cohere to speak of a God who has arranged this remarkable universe with the potential for human life to flourish on this planet, and then cares no further that we actually do survive and thrive.&nbsp; God has not created us as beings with merely physical needs, but also beings with non-material needs like love, meaning, justice, equality and truth. We cannot flourish without these, just as much as we cannot flourish without liquid water. Therefore, just as we would not balk at God’s prerogative to order the physical conditions for our surviving and thriving as humans, we would be foolish to suggest that this same prerogative does not extend to the spiritual realm of our existence.[32]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>There is a nexus between the theistic belief that God has established the physical conditions for our existence and the belief that God has also established the conditions for our spiritual well being.&nbsp;&nbsp; There is also good reason to believe that God has clearly communicated them to us, and that this communication converges in the unique life and ministry of Jesus Christ.&nbsp; To get there, however, it is essential to grapple with some of the more existential or spiritual questions of human concern, viz. identity, meaning and morality.&nbsp; With this, the paradigm of relationship as the matrix that brings coherence to all these other existential concerns of human life will emerge.&nbsp; It is this paradigm that points to the definitive way in which God has established the conditions for humans to enter into a relationship with Him.[33] &nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>The search for identity,&nbsp;dignity and meaning\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>What does it mean to be human?&nbsp; Are we merely a meaningless mass of molecules that ultimately has no purpose, or does the careful fine-tuning of the universe extend to human beings as well?&nbsp; Does human life have&nbsp;\u003Cem>intrinsic\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;worth?&nbsp; Is the human race really important and worth preserving?&nbsp; It was musings about such questions that led Count Leo Tolstoy to ruminate deeply about the purpose of his own existence, who, when around 50 years of age, was in quest of the “why” of his life.&nbsp; He saw that a materialistic view of life was inimical to meaning in life stating,&nbsp;&nbsp; “I want to know the meaning of my life, but the fact that it is a particle of the infinite not only gives it no meaning, but destroys all possible meaning.”[34]&nbsp; He considered his situation “stupid and desperate”[35] the more he tried to just put away the emotional consequences of a materialistic view of the cosmos, the more he was driven to despair. The question of meaning continued to “arrest” him to the point that “I had to use cunning against myself in order that I might not take my life.”[36]&nbsp; Eventually Tolstoy found this meaning he sought in the Christian faith.&nbsp;&nbsp; Glynn, mentioned above as having come out of a nihilistic view of life makes the following comment in relation to this existential concern, “there is nothing stable about the postmodern vision as a resting place for human consciousness.&nbsp; The mind may insist on these nihilistic propositions, but in the long run the heart will not tolerate them.”[37]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This emotional resistance to nihilism alone would seem to point to a deeper, spiritual reality.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The question of identity is inextricably woven with the question of meaning, for it would seem that if all reality were nothing more than matter, then nothing would really matter at all.&nbsp; While humanists generally assert the “preciousness and dignity of the individual person,”[38]&nbsp;&nbsp;some humanists can see right through this as an atheistic “leap of faith.”&nbsp; For example one humanist has astutely observed, “We need to mitigate the truth if we are to remain reasonably sane. In fact a truly sane person would be socially insane. Functionally,&nbsp;\u003Cem>sanity means being deluded sufficiently to believe that life is worth living and that the human race is worth preserving\u003C\u002Fem>.”[39]&nbsp; In other words, sanity is the result of pretense; telling yourself that life is worth living, when the painful truth is, it is not.&nbsp; Ravi Zacharias has challenged the underlying assumption of dignity in humanism by asking, “So where does human dignity come from?”&nbsp; He concludes, “There is no way to contrive it, or to enforce it; human dignity must be essential.”[40]&nbsp;&nbsp; In the absence of intrinsic human worth, we are left with nothing more than cunning against ourselves to maintain a semblance of sanity, and convince ourselves to go on, even though it is not really worth it. It seems that the words of this humanist, as dark as they appear, demonstrate a universal inner thirst in the human soul to see life as meaningful. For even he would suggest that we all strive to delude ourselves to be “sane,” and thus enjoy at least the illusion of meaning, and protect the rest of society, that is, somehow care about others. Humanism couldn’t work if at least the illusion of human dignity were not maintained.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>An integral part of the question of meaning is the question about love and human relationships.&nbsp; Is there any final significance to the bonds we form with each other? It is no accident that almost every other song one hears is a love song, and the most memorable films delve into questions of love and human relationships.&nbsp; We humans need love. Without it, we will become psychologically and sometimes even physically ill.&nbsp; The emotions that accompany love, like affection, anticipation of reunion, grief at the loss of a “loved” one, and compassion for the weak and sickly are difficult to account for in a materialistic framework.&nbsp; The more complex human emotions, like the ones just listed, as well as guilt (uneasiness over perceived wrong-doing), dread (fear of the numinous and unknown) and awe (a sense of wonder at the mysteries of life), seem to point to a higher level of being, that is a transcendent source and object for human emotions that in turn reciprocates the affirmation of that objective value.&nbsp; Philosopher Robert Nozik concludes the following about the emotional structure of human existence, “for present purposes we need only assume that value is not just a matter of opinion, that it is ‘out there’ and has its own nature.&nbsp; Our current suggestion is that emotions are a response to value (whatever the correct theory of objective intrinsic value might turn out to be).”[41]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>We humans have an intuitive tendency to value others and ourselves.&nbsp; Through both observation and experience it becomes quickly evident that the spiritual, or non-material aspect of our lives, is sustained by, among other things, love and interpersonal relationships, especially those in which we know we are loved unconditionally; i.e. loved not for what we do, or have accomplished, but just loved for being the person that we are.&nbsp; Without the knowledge that we are so loved, as mentioned above, we end up in a state of psychological illness that stifles our personal thriving in life.&nbsp; It also seems integral to our spiritual well being not only that we receive this unconditional love, but also that we reciprocate it.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Could it be that, ironically, what we subjectively feel points to that which is objectively real?&nbsp; If there is, indeed, an objective explanation for these existential aspects of human concern, an explanation outside of and independent from human preference and opinion, could it be that herein we find ourselves staring through a glass darkly at the face of God?\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Chr>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[1] C.S. Lewis,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Miracles\u003C\u002Fem>, (San Francisco, Harper Collins), 129-130.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[2] George Gallup, Jr.&nbsp;\u003Cem>The Next American Spirituality: Finding God in the Twenty-First Century\u003C\u002Fem>, (Colorado Springs, Victor).\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[3] Ibid. 44.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[4] Ibid. 50.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[5] Ibid. 43.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[6] Wilfred Cantwell Smith,&nbsp;\u003Cem>The Faith of Other Men\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;(New York, NY: The New American Library of World Literature, 1963); p. 119.&nbsp; It seems more people, whether scholars or every day lay people, are feeling this way.&nbsp; This puts the church in an awkward position in which simply citing John 14:6, and Acts 4:12 are not going to cut it for most people in our contemporary society. &nbsp;This context requires that we make a case for the plausibility of these biblical propositions, rather than simply cite them as authoritative.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[7] Ibid.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[8] John 14:6\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[9] Matthew 7:13-14\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[10] Luke 19:10\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[11] Matthew 28:19-20\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[12] Cf. John 3:36, 5:23, 6:53, 8:23, 8:46-47.&nbsp; It might be argued that when Jesus says anyone who believes in him has eternal life this is still consistent with a pluralistic mindset that Jesus is a way to life, but Jesus refers to himself as the only way to life, forgiveness, etc. excluding all others when he puts in terms of no one will have life apart from believing in Him.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[13] Acts 14:12\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[14] 1 Timothy 2:5\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[15] Harold J. Netland,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Encountering Religious Pluralism, The Challenge to Christian Faith and Mission\u003C\u002Fem>, (Downers Grove, IVP, 2001), 49.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[16] Even atheistic paleontologist Stephen J. Gould has commented on the remarkable coincidence of our situation. “ . . . the pathways that have led to our evolution are quirky, improbable, unrepeatable and utterly unpredictable . .&nbsp; wind back life’s tape to the dawn of time and let it play again – and you will never get humans a second time.” Quoted by Ravi Zacharias, Why I Believe That Jesus Christ is the Ultimate Source for Meaning in&nbsp;\u003Cem>Why I am A Christian\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;(Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001). P. 271.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[17] Paul Davies,&nbsp;\u003Cem>God and the New Physics\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983), p.177.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[18] Jacques Monod,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Chance and Necessity\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;(New York: Vintage Books, 1972), p. 180.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[19] Patrick Glynn,&nbsp;\u003Cem>God: The Evidence:\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;\u003Cem>The Reconciliation of Faith and Reason in a Postsecualr World&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fem>(Rocklin, CA: Forum, 1997)\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[20] Ibid.., 19\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[21] Ibid., 22\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[22] Ibid., 22-23\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[23] Ibid., 22-23\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[24] Richard Swinburne,&nbsp;\u003Cem>The Existence of God&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fem>(Oxford: Clarendon Press: 1979), Ch. 8.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[25] Paul Davies,&nbsp;\u003Cem>God and the New Physics\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983), pp.171-172\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[26] Davies, p. 189\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[27] Ibid. p. 172.&nbsp; Davies also refutes the present attempts of naturalism with the theories of parallel, and bubble universes.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[28] Gerald L. Schroeder,&nbsp;\u003Cem>The Science of God: The Convergence of Scientific and Biblical Wisdom\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;(New York: The Free Press, 1997), p. 128.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[29] Ian Barbour,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Religion in an Age of Science; The Gifford Lectures 1989-1991 Volume 1&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fem>(San Francisco: Harper, 1990), p. 25\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[30]&nbsp;Hugh Ross,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Why I Believe in the Miracle of Divine Creation\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;in Norman L. Geisler and Paul K, Hoffman, eds.&nbsp;\u003Cem>Why I am a Christian&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fem>(Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001), p. 141.&nbsp; Ross also provides an impressive table in this essay detailing 35 evidences for the fine-tuning of the universe thus far discovered by scientists.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[31] For example, we cannot expect good health if we do not get the vitamins that we need, and we cannot drive our car off of a cliff, or drink poison and expect to live.&nbsp; There is, then, objective reality in the physical realm of existence that we must discover and arrange ourselves around in order to live and flourish as humans.&nbsp; One might say at this point that God has not specially revealed anything to man regarding the physical workings of the universe, but has left humanity to figure it out on their own.&nbsp; Following from this, then, would be the question as to why we should expect anything special in terms of His spiritual ordering of things.&nbsp; A reply to this criticism would have to include, in part, the idea that our spiritual nature and the ramifications of it are of much more consequential concern.&nbsp; While we may die by drinking poison that we have not yet learned is poison, dying without having been in proper relationship with God has much graver, eternal, consequences.&nbsp; The urgency of our spiritual lives would call for a clear message so that no mistake could be made.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[32] For the essence of this argument from the physical to the non-physical and its implications for Christian particularism. I am indebted to Douglas Geivett\u003Cem>, Is Jesus the Only Way\u003C\u002Fem>? in Michael J. Wilkins and J.P. Moreland, eds.,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Jesus Under Fire; Modern Scholarship Reinvents the Historical Jesus\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;(Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995), pp. 177-200\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[33] Use of the masculine pronoun is not intended to suggest that God is og the masculine gender, or to suggest any sexist superiority of the male gender over the female.&nbsp; It’s use is simply to remain consistent with the biblical tradition of predominantly referring to God in masculine terms.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[34] Leo Tolstoy,&nbsp;\u003Cem>My Confession\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;in E. D. Klemke, ed.,&nbsp;\u003Cem>The Meaning of Life\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;(New York: Oxford, 1981), p. 14.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[35] Ibid, p.13.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[36] Ibid, p.11.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[37] Glynn,&nbsp;\u003Cem>God The Evidence\u003C\u002Fem>, p. 147.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[38] Paul Kurtz, ed., Humanist Manifestos I and II (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1973), p. 18.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[39] Herbert A Tonne,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Scribblings of a Concerned Secular Humanist\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;(Northvale, NJ: Humanists of New Jersey, 1988) p. 39. Emphasis mine.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[40]&nbsp;Ravi Zacharias, Can Man Live without God (Dallas: Word, 1994), p. 141.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[41]&nbsp;Robert Nozik,&nbsp;\u003Cem>T","2023-08-03T06:09:49.802Z","Comenzando de Dios a Cristo ","\u003Cp>Hay un Dios, y los humanos pueden tener una relaci&oacute;n personal con Dios, pero solo a trav&eacute;s de la fe en Jesucristo como Salvador.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>En conjunto, esta proposici&oacute;n de tres partes representa la afirmaci&oacute;n central del cristianismo. Sin embargo, a pesar de su aceptabilidad casi universal entre los cristianos, vuela en la cara de cualquier otra religi&oacute;n o \"buscador\" espiritual individual en el mundo, ya que afirma la especificidad de c&oacute;mo las personas llegan a experimentar una relaci&oacute;n con Dios. Un Dios tan particular es una ofensa a esta mentalidad moderna. El autor brit&aacute;nico y apologista cristiano CS Lewis, escribiendo en 1947, no desconoc&iacute;a este tipo de mentalidad.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Quienes defendemos el cristianismo nos encontramos constantemente atacados no por la irreligi&oacute;n de nuestros oyentes sino por su verdadera religi&oacute;n. Hable acerca de la belleza, la verdad y la bondad, o acerca de un Dios que es simplemente el principio de estos tres, hable de una gran fuerza espiritual que impregna todas las cosas, una mente com&uacute;n de la que todos somos parte, un grupo de espiritualidad generalizada de la que todos podemos fluir, y tendr&aacute;s un inter&eacute;s amistoso. Pero la temperatura baja tan pronto como mencionas a un Dios que tiene prop&oacute;sitos y realiza acciones particulares, que hace una cosa y no otra, un Dios concreto, que elige, ordena y proh&iacute;be con determinado car&aacute;cter. La gente se averg&uuml;enza o enoja. Tal concepci&oacute;n les parece primitiva y cruda e incluso irreverente. [1]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Recientemente, el encuestador estadounidense George Gallup Jr. inform&oacute; los resultados de una \"Encuesta de pr&aacute;ctica espiritual de veinticuatro horas\". [2] Seg&uacute;n Gallup, \"No solo la mayor&iacute;a de los estadounidenses (nueve de cada diez) cree en Dios, casi la mitad afirma han experimentado la presencia de ese Dios dentro de un per&iacute;odo de veinticuatro horas&rdquo;. [3] Aparentemente, la mayor&iacute;a de los estadounidenses creer&iacute;an que hay un Dios, y que es posible tener una relaci&oacute;n de alg&uacute;n tipo (sentir la presencia de Dios). Sin embargo, aproximadamente 3 de cada 4 de estas personas (72%) tienen m&aacute;s probabilidades de decir que la espiritualidad es mucho m&aacute;s un asunto personal e individual, que uno centrado en una tradici&oacute;n religiosa en particular. [4] \"Soy espiritual, no religioso\", es el mantra de esta espiritualidad moderna. Es com&uacute;n que las personas en estos d&iacute;as todav&iacute;a se sientan bastante c&oacute;modas con la idea de que todos pueden tener una relaci&oacute;n con Dios, siempre y cuando puedan definir \"Dios\" y \"relaci&oacute;n\" a su manera, y permitir a cada individuo el mismo lujo. Esto lleva a la idea de que uno nunca debe sugerir que su forma de relacionarse con Dios es mejor que la de cualquier otra persona.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Mientras que la mayor&iacute;a de los modernos e incluso los te&iacute;stas estar&iacute;an de acuerdo con la primera parte, y tal vez incluso la segunda, de la proposici&oacute;n; \"Hay un Dios y los humanos pueden tener una relaci&oacute;n personal con Dios\", es la tercera parte que encuentran dif&iacute;cil de aceptar porque afirma una cierta exclusividad que encuentran desagradable en la cultura actual de pluralismo religioso, posmodernismo y tolerancia. En consecuencia, \"Vemos la gotera de este pozo y de ese manantial surgir una resistencia postmoderna a declarar cierto conjunto de ense&ntilde;anzas religiosas verdaderas\". [5]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Esta forma de pensar tiene enormes implicaciones para el evangelismo y la misi&oacute;n cristiana. El fallecido Wilfred Cantwell Smith, profesor de religi&oacute;n en Harvard, capt&oacute; la esencia de estas implicaciones cuando lo consider&oacute; \". . . moralmente no es posible. salir al mundo y decir a los seres humanos devotos e inteligentes: \"Somos salvos y ustedes est&aacute;n condenados\"; o &lsquo;Creemos que conocemos a Dios y tenemos raz&oacute;n; crees que conoces a Dios y est&aacute;s totalmente equivocado \". [6] Smith llega a llamar tales actividades\" contrarias al esp&iacute;ritu de Cristo \". [7]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>En contraste, sin embargo, no se puede negar que Jesucristo hizo afirmaciones particulares y exclusivas sobre s&iacute; mismo. &Eacute;l ense&ntilde;&oacute;: \"Yo soy el camino de la verdad y la vida, nadie viene al Padre sino por m&iacute;\". [8] Le dijo a la gente que hay un camino \"ancho\" que conduce a la destrucci&oacute;n, ocupado por \"muchos\". y un camino \"angosto\" que conduce a la vida, encontrado por \"pocos\". [9] Dijo que vino \"a buscar y salvar a los perdidos\", [10] presuponiendo que hay personas perdidas necesitadas de &eacute;l. Claramente les dijo a sus seguidores que fueran al mundo entero y hicieran disc&iacute;pulos de panta ta ethne (cada grupo de personas), ense&ntilde;&aacute;ndoles Sus mandamientos. [11] Este decreto implica al menos dos cosas ofensivas para los pluralistas; 1) los individuos de muchos grupos &eacute;tnicos no ser&aacute;n salvos a menos que escuchen el mensaje de Cristo y 2) no todos los sistemas de valores o creencias son aceptables para Cristo, es decir, solo sus mandamientos deben ser obedecidos en &uacute;ltima instancia. Est&aacute; claro que en la autocomprensi&oacute;n de Jes&uacute;s nadie podr&iacute;a tener una relaci&oacute;n adecuada con Dios separados de &Eacute;l. [12]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>Mas all&aacute;, los ap&oacute;stoles de Cristo entendieron y continuaron propagando el particularismo de Cristo. Proclamaron y ense&ntilde;aron que \"no hay otro nombre bajo del cielo, dado a los hombres, en que podamos ser salvos\" [13] y que Cristo Jes&uacute;s es el \"&uacute;nico mediador entre Dios y los hombres\". [14] El particularismo siempre ha sido parte de la Mensaje cristiano, y es el legado transmitido a los creyentes actuales.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Para permanecer fieles a Cristo debemos ser particularistas. Harold Netland describe el particularismo de la siguiente manera: &ldquo;incluso cuando se tienen debidamente en cuenta los elementos de verdad, valor y belleza en otras religiones, los particularistas sostienen que, en general, las religiones no cristianas proporcionan una imagen falsa o inexacta de la realidad y que la salvaci&oacute;n no se alcanza a trav&eacute;s de las creencias y pr&aacute;cticas de otras tradiciones religiosas. Central al particularismo son las convicciones de que Dios se ha revelado definitivamente a trav&eacute;s de las Escrituras y la encarnaci&oacute;n, que Jesucristo es el &uacute;nico Salvador para todas las personas en todas las culturas y que las personas deben reconocer y adorar a Jes&uacute;s solamente&rdquo; [15].\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Parece que las personas modernas, ya sean acad&eacute;micos o laicos, en nombre de la tolerancia, est&aacute;n del lado del pluralismo en lugar de cualquier sistema en particular. Este contexto cultural e incluso global requiere que hagamos un caso acumulativo para la plausibilidad de las declaraciones particularistas de Jes&uacute;s y los ap&oacute;stoles, en lugar de simplemente citarlas como autoritativas.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Mi objetivo en este ensayo, entonces, es explicar que las suposiciones de la cosmovisi&oacute;n que permiten a una persona ratificar a la primera y segunda parte de la proposici&oacute;n conducen coherentemente a la tercera afirmaci&oacute;n m&aacute;s particular. Primero tratar&eacute; de demostrar esto a trav&eacute;s de una consideraci&oacute;n de c&oacute;mo los hallazgos cient&iacute;ficos recientes sobre el universo y las preocupaciones humanas existenciales comunes nos obligan a aceptar las dos primeras partes. Entonces, edificando sobre estas suposiciones com&uacute;nmente compartidas, tratar&eacute; de demostrar la coherencia y la plausibilidad de la visi&oacute;n m&aacute;s particular que este mismo Dios desea y permite tal relaci&oacute;n con su creaci&oacute;n humana, y que ha prescrito los t&eacute;rminos de esa relaci&oacute;n, y tiene la prerrogativa de hacerlo, y ha manifestado esos t&eacute;rminos clara y concluyentemente para todos los humanos en la vida y obra de Jesucristo. Si bien este atractivo es principalmente para la gran mayor&iacute;a de las personas que creen en alg&uacute;n tipo de Dios o poder espiritual, ser&aacute; necesario mostrar, brevemente, por qu&eacute; el te&iacute;smo es m&aacute;s sostenible (est&aacute; m&aacute;s a la defensiva) que el naturalismo para discutir el te&iacute;smo cristiano en particular.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>Primera parte: hay un Dios. . .\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>El universo fue dise&ntilde;ado pensando en los humanos.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>En general, no vivimos en un universo amigable para los humanos. Sin embargo, nuestro planeta es el &uacute;nico que conocemos que es un magn&iacute;fico sistema de soporte vital. Nuestra atm&oacute;sfera con todos sus gases y capas protectoras hace de este un ambiente rico en ox&iacute;geno, regulado t&eacute;rmicamente para mantener la temperatura en los niveles correctos para que el agua l&iacute;quida caiga y fluya permitiendo que los humanos vivan y prosperen. Nuestra atm&oacute;sfera protectora tambi&eacute;n quema regularmente escombros espaciales y rocas que podr&iacute;an pulverizar la superficie de nuestro planeta y a nosotros con una fuerza letal. Si no fuera por todos estos factores, y las condiciones necesarias de nuestro sistema solar y universo que los hacen posibles, no estar&iacute;amos aqu&iacute;, de hecho, nunca habr&iacute;amos llegado a ser en primer lugar. [16] Parece que no hay una raz&oacute;n real para esperar que la Tierra sea diferente de cualquier otro planeta del sistema solar los cuales tienen ambientes hostiles a la existencia humana. &iquest;Por qu&eacute; la tierra es un sistema de soporte vital tan notable? &iquest;C&oacute;mo lleg&oacute; a ser as&iacute;? Esta es una pregunta antigua que ha provocado suficiente asombro para alimentar la b&uacute;squeda cient&iacute;fica por siglos.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>La gente ha llegado a diferentes conclusiones, por supuesto, sobre el \"por qu&eacute;\" de nuestra existencia y las condiciones que lo hacen posible. El astrof&iacute;sico Paul Davies resume las dos perspectivas b&aacute;sicas en la siguiente pregunta:\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&ldquo;&iquest;Fue creado nuestro universo en un estado muy especial, cuidadosamente dise&ntilde;ado para que, en la plenitud del tiempo, la vida y, finalmente, la mente floreciese para maravillarse de &eacute;l? &iquest;O vivimos en medio de un accidente monstruoso y sin sentido, una erupci&oacute;n c&oacute;smica de la nada que ha ocurrido puramente al azar? Seguramente no puede haber una tarea m&aacute;s apremiante para el cosm&oacute;logo de hoy que abordar esa cuesti&oacute;n central de la existencia \"[17].\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Por lo tanto, en respuesta a la pregunta \"por qu&eacute;\", hay dos respuestas b&aacute;sicas. Una, no hay \"por qu&eacute;\" o raz&oacute;n, simplemente sucedi&oacute; y aqu&iacute; estamos, o, dos, todo est&aacute; aqu&iacute; por dise&ntilde;o. Estas sugerencias parecen polarizar claramente las opciones sobre c&oacute;mo surgi&oacute; el universo. Jacques Monod se ha alineado con la posici&oacute;n anterior de la falta de sentido al afirmar que \"el hombre sabe por fin que est&aacute; solo en la inmensidad insensible del universo, de la cual emergi&oacute; solo por casualidad\". [18] Esta posici&oacute;n no parece ser cient&iacute;ficamente sustentable, ni existencialmente satisfactorio.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>Por ejemplo, Patrick Glynn, profesor de la Universidad George Washington, se ha puesto del lado de esta &uacute;ltima posici&oacute;n. De particular inter&eacute;s con el trabajo de Glynn es su historia personal de haber venido de la conclusi&oacute;n anterior de la falta de sentido a su posici&oacute;n actual de que Dios cre&oacute; el universo. [19] Esto fue, como describe en su libro, un gran cambio de paradigma, ya que lo llev&oacute; del nihilismo ateo a una posici&oacute;n de fe te&iacute;sta. Al describir la b&uacute;squeda que lo llev&oacute; al te&iacute;smo, escribe: &ldquo;Poco a poco me di cuenta de que en los veinte a&ntilde;os transcurridos desde que opt&eacute; por el ate&iacute;smo filos&oacute;fico, hab&iacute;a surgido una vasta literatura sistem&aacute;tica que no solo hab&iacute;a arrojado dudas profundas, sino tambi&eacute;n, desde cualquier perspectiva razonable, efectivamente refut&oacute; mi perspectiva atea &rdquo;. [20] Glynn describe c&oacute;mo este cambio de paradigma se produjo para &eacute;l, especialmente con respecto al tema del dise&ntilde;o del universo. &Eacute;l escribe: &ldquo;Los pensadores modernos asumen que la ciencia revelar&iacute;a que el universo es cada vez m&aacute;s aleatorio y mec&aacute;nico; en cambio, ha descubierto nuevas capas inesperadas de intrincado orden que muestran un dise&ntilde;o maestro casi inimaginablemente vasto \". [21]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;Ese descubrimiento cient&iacute;fico al que se refiere Glynn ha sido llamado el principio antr&oacute;pico. Surgi&oacute; a principios de la d&eacute;cada de 1970 y ha estado ganando impulso dentro de la comunidad cient&iacute;fica durante casi treinta a&ntilde;os. Seg&uacute;n Glynn, el principio antr&oacute;pico afirma esencialmente que &ldquo;todas las constantes aparentemente arbitrarias y no relacionadas en f&iacute;sica tienen una cosa extra&ntilde;a en com&uacute;n. - estos son precisamente los valores que necesita si desea tener un universo capaz de producir vida \". [22] Adem&aacute;s,\". . . Todas las innumerables leyes de la f&iacute;sica se afinaron desde el principio del universo para la creaci&oacute;n del hombre: que el universo en el que vivimos parec&iacute;a estar dise&ntilde;ado expresamente para la aparici&oacute;n de los seres humanos \". [23]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>Con respecto a la cuesti&oacute;n del orden notable del universo mismo, las explicaciones puramente naturalistas y materialistas dejan demasiado en cuenta para satisfacer el intelecto o la psique. Me resulta dif&iacute;cil aceptar cognitiva y existencialmente que todo este universo, la tierra y sus habitantes son un producto accidental de energ&iacute;a sin sentido que act&uacute;a por casualidad sobre la materia inanimada. Sugerir esto es tan irracional para m&iacute; como sugerir que la computadora en la que escribo este ensayo es el producto accidental de la no inteligencia que acaba de surgir durante largos per&iacute;odos de tiempo por pura casualidad en su forma actual y compleja. La computadora fue creada a prop&oacute;sito, y la inteligencia tuvo que planificar y organizar la delicada interrelaci&oacute;n de sus partes constituyentes. Estoy de acuerdo con el fil&oacute;sofo Richard Swinburne, quien escribe: \"La existencia del orden en el universo aumenta significativamente la probabilidad de que haya un Dios\". [24] Y cuanto m&aacute;s se entiende; El principio antr&oacute;pico provoca un universo programado con un orden incre&iacute;ble.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>Quiz&aacute;s esto es parte de la raz&oacute;n por la cual la mayor&iacute;a de las personas son te&iacute;stas de alg&uacute;n tipo, o al menos entretienen la probabilidad de alg&uacute;n tipo de Mente detr&aacute;s del universo. De hecho, esta reestructuraci&oacute;n contempor&aacute;nea del antiguo argumento teleol&oacute;gico hace que la existencia de Dios sea mucho m&aacute;s plausible para muchos cient&iacute;ficos y fil&oacute;sofos que est&aacute;n considerando al menos una visi&oacute;n te&iacute;sta rudimentaria del cosmos.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Davies, por ejemplo, explica: &ldquo;Traducido al contexto cosmol&oacute;gico, el enigma es este. Si el universo es simplemente un accidente, las posibilidades en contra que contengan cualquier orden apreciable son rid&iacute;culamente peque&ntilde;as \". [25] A&ntilde;ade,\". . . Parece dif&iacute;cil escapar de la conclusi&oacute;n de que el estado real del universo ha sido \"elegido\" o seleccionado. . \". [26] Davies hace la siguiente conclusi&oacute;n con respecto al principio antr&oacute;pico del dise&ntilde;o,\" la concurrencia aparentemente milagrosa de valores num&eacute;ricos que la naturaleza ha asignado a sus constantes fundamentales debe seguir siendo la evidencia m&aacute;s convincente para un elemento de dise&ntilde;o c&oacute;smico \". 27]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>El f&iacute;sico y erudito hebreo Gerald L. Schroeder, quien se identifica a s&iacute; mismo como miembro del \"equipo del adversario\" durante a&ntilde;os como cient&iacute;fico del MIT, ha llegado a la posici&oacute;n de que el universo lleg&oacute; a ser exactamente como lo dice la Biblia. Dios lo cre&oacute;. &Eacute;l, como Glynn y Davies, ve el dise&ntilde;o antr&oacute;pico como aquel en el que las variables f&iacute;sicas del universo \"est&aacute;n tan precisamente equilibradas hacia las necesidades de la vida que el universo parece dise&ntilde;ado para la vida\". [28]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Ian Barbour ha resumido el concepto del principio antr&oacute;pico ya que ha impactado a la comunidad cient&iacute;fica de la siguiente manera: \"Los astrof&iacute;sicos han descubierto que la vida en el universo habr&iacute;a sido imposible si algunas de las constantes f&iacute;sicas y otras condiciones en el universo primitivo hubieran diferido incluso ligeramente de los valores que ten&iacute;an. El universo parece estar tan \"ajustado\" para la posibilidad de la vida \". [29]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&Eacute;l mismo Hugh Ross, cient&iacute;fico y esc&eacute;ptico profundo de la Biblia hasta que la estudi&oacute; desde un punto de vista cient&iacute;fico, dice esto: \"treinta y cinco a&ntilde;os de investigaci&oacute;n sobre el Principio Antr&oacute;pico (la tendencia del universo de proporcionar todas las necesidades para la vida y el sustento humanos) ha construido un cuerpo de evidencia en expansi&oacute;n, en lugar de disminuir, para el dise&ntilde;o divino \". [30]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>Estos datos cient&iacute;ficos no prueban la existencia de Dios m&aacute;s all&aacute; de toda duda, seguramente, pero proporcionan datos amplios para al menos decir que hace que la creencia en un creador inteligente sea m&aacute;s loable. Sin embargo, el principio antr&oacute;pico nos lleva m&aacute;s all&aacute; del argumento teleol&oacute;gico b&aacute;sico para la existencia de Dios, ya que nos lleva m&aacute;s all&aacute; del fen&oacute;meno del dise&ntilde;o para considerar el prop&oacute;sito real del dise&ntilde;o. El universo fue creado de la manera que fue para que la vida, y especialmente la vida humana, pudiera emerger y florecer.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>El principio antr&oacute;pico no solo tiene que ver con c&oacute;mo fue creado el universo, sino tambi&eacute;n con c&oacute;mo se mantiene unido y hace posible la vida todos los d&iacute;as. Por lo tanto, se&ntilde;ala la conclusi&oacute;n te&iacute;sta, aceptada por la mayor&iacute;a, de que hay un Dios que de alguna manera se interesa continuamente en su creaci&oacute;n, especialmente en la humanidad, al establecer y mantener todas estas constantes f&iacute;sicas que son necesarias para mantener nuestras vidas en este planeta. De all&iacute; podemos concluir que Dios no solo se interesa en nuestro bienestar f&iacute;sico, sino tambi&eacute;n en nuestro bienestar espiritual como personas que anhelan el significado, la verdad y el amor. La idea antr&oacute;pica nos da dos pistas notables que conducen al descubrimiento sobre la verdad de nuestras vidas espirituales. Primero; Dios establece las condiciones para nuestra existencia como humanos, y, en segundo lugar; Dios se preocupa por nuestro bienestar total; es decir, Dios se preocupa por nosotros como seres tanto f&iacute;sicos como espirituales.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Estemos de acuerdo o no con el arreglo, es irrelevante. Si, como humanos, vamos a sobrevivir y prosperar en un sentido f&iacute;sico, debemos permanecer dentro de los par&aacute;metros de las condiciones f&iacute;sicas que se han ordenado para nuestro bienestar f&iacute;sico en este universo y en este planeta. Si queremos vivir, debemos ordenar nuestras vidas de acuerdo con lo que se nos ha establecido; si no lo hacemos, sufriremos, o incluso pereceremos. [31]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Parecer&iacute;a l&oacute;gico que esperamos nada menos en el &aacute;mbito espiritual de nuestra existencia; es decir, que Dios ha ordenado condiciones espec&iacute;ficas para nuestra existencia espiritual dentro de las cuales debemos vivir para florecer. Si no lo hacemos, sufriremos espiritualmente. Esta &uacute;ltima sugerencia, sobre las condiciones espirituales para la vida, parece necesaria ya que no es coherente hablar de un Dios que ha organizado este notable universo con el potencial para que la vida humana florezca en este planeta, y que luego ya no le importe m&aacute;s si realmente sobrevivimos y prosperamos. Dios no nos ha creado como seres con necesidades meramente f&iacute;sicas, sino tambi&eacute;n seres con necesidades no materiales como el amor, el significado, la justicia, la igualdad y la verdad. No podemos florecer sin estos, tanto como no podemos florecer sin agua l&iacute;quida. Por lo tanto, as&iacute; como no nos resistir&iacute;amos a la prerrogativa de Dios de ordenar las condiciones f&iacute;sicas para nuestra supervivencia y prosperidad como humanos, ser&iacute;a una tonter&iacute;a sugerir que esta misma prerrogativa no se extiende al &aacute;mbito espiritual de nuestra existencia. [32]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Existe un nexo entre la creencia te&iacute;sta de que Dios ha establecido las condiciones f&iacute;sicas para nuestra existencia y la creencia de que Dios tambi&eacute;n ha establecido las condiciones para nuestro bienestar espiritual. Tambi&eacute;n hay buenas razones para creer que Dios nos las ha comunicado claramente, y que esta comunicaci&oacute;n converge en la vida y el ministerio &uacute;nicos de Jesucristo. Sin embargo, para llegar all&iacute;, es esencial aferrarnos a algunas de las preguntas m&aacute;s existenciales o espirituales de inter&eacute;s humano, verbigracia, identidad, significado y moralidad. Con esto, surgir&aacute; el paradigma de la relaci&oacute;n como la matriz que da coherencia a todas estas otras preocupaciones existenciales de la vida humana. Es este paradigma el que se&ntilde;ala la forma definitiva en que Dios ha establecido las condiciones para que los humanos entren en una relaci&oacute;n con &Eacute;l. [33]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>La b&uacute;squeda de identidad, dignidad y significado.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&iquest;Qu&eacute; significa ser humano? &iquest;Somos simplemente una masa de mol&eacute;culas sin sentido que finalmente no tiene ning&uacute;n prop&oacute;sito, o la cuidadosa afinaci&oacute;n del universo se extiende tambi&eacute;n a los seres humanos? &iquest;La vida humana tiene un valor intr&iacute;nseco? &iquest;Es la raza humana realmente importante y vale la pena preservarla? Fue la reflexi&oacute;n sobre tales preguntas lo que llev&oacute; al conde Leo Tolstoi a reflexionar profundamente sobre el prop&oacute;sito de su propia existencia, quien, cuando ten&iacute;a alrededor de 50 a&ntilde;os, estaba en busca del \"por qu&eacute;\" de su vida. &Eacute;l vio que una visi&oacute;n materialista de la vida era enemiga del significado en la vida al afirmar: \"Quiero saber el significado de mi vida, pero el hecho de que sea una part&iacute;cula del infinito no solo no le da ning&uacute;n significado, sino que destruye todos los posibles significados&rdquo;. [34] Consider&oacute; su situaci&oacute;n &ldquo;est&uacute;pida y desesperada&rdquo; [35] cuanto m&aacute;s trataba de evitar las consecuencias emocionales de una visi&oacute;n materialista del cosmos, m&aacute;s se desesperaba. La cuesti&oacute;n del significado continu&oacute; \"arrest&aacute;ndolo\" hasta el punto de que \"tuve que usar la astucia contra m&iacute; mismo para no quitarme la vida\". [36] Finalmente, Tolstoi encontr&oacute; este significado que buscaba en la fe cristiana. Glynn, mencionado anteriormente como resultado de una visi&oacute;n nihilista de la vida, hace el siguiente comentario en relaci&oacute;n con esta preocupaci&oacute;n existencial: &ldquo;no hay nada estable en la visi&oacute;n posmoderna como lugar de descanso para la conciencia humana. La mente puede insistir en estas proposiciones incr&eacute;dulas, pero a la larga el coraz&oacute;n no las tolerar&aacute;&rdquo; [37]. Esta resistencia emocional al ate&iacute;smo solo parece apuntar a una realidad espiritual m&aacute;s profunda.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>La cuesti&oacute;n de la identidad est&aacute; inextricablemente entretejida con la cuesti&oacute;n del significado, ya que parecer&iacute;a que, si toda la realidad no fuera m&aacute;s que materia, entonces nada realmente importar&iacute;a en absoluto. Mientras que los humanistas generalmente afirman la \"preciosidad y dignidad de la persona individual\", [38] algunos humanistas pueden ver a trav&eacute;s de esto como un \"salto de fe\" ateo. Por ejemplo, un humanista ha observado astutamente: \"Necesitamos mitigar la verdad si debemos permanecer razonablemente cuerdos. De hecho, una persona verdaderamente sensata [cuerda] ser&iacute;a socialmente loca. Funcionalmente, la cordura significa ser enga&ntilde;ado lo suficiente como para creer que vale la pena vivir la vida y que la raza humana vale la pena preservarla&rdquo;. [39] En otras palabras, la cordura es el resultado de la simulaci&oacute;n; dici&eacute;ndote a ti mismo que vale la pena vivir la vida, cuando la dolorosa verdad es, no lo es. Ravi Zacharias ha desafiado la asunci&oacute;n subyacente de dignidad en el humanismo al preguntar: \"Entonces, &iquest;de d&oacute;nde viene la dignidad humana?\". Concluye: \"No hay forma de inventarla o de hacerla cumplir; La dignidad humana debe ser esencial&rdquo;. [40] En ausencia de un valor humano intr&iacute;nseco, no nos queda m&aacute;s que astucia contra nosotros mismos para mantener una apariencia de cordura y convencernos de continuar, aunque realmente no valga la pena. Parece que las palabras de ese humanista, tan oscuras como parecen, demuestran una sed interna universal en el alma humana para ver la vida como significativa. Incluso &eacute;l sugerir&iacute;a que todos nos esforzamos por enga&ntilde;arnos a nosotros mismos para ser \"cuerdos\" y, por lo tanto, disfrutar al menos de la ilusi&oacute;n de significado y proteger al resto de la sociedad, es decir, de alguna manera preocuparnos por los dem&aacute;s. El humanismo no podr&iacute;a funcionar si al menos no se mantuviera la ilusi&oacute;n de la dignidad humana.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Una parte integral de la pregunta del significado es la cuesti&oacute;n del amor y las relaciones humanas. &iquest;Hay alg&uacute;n significado final para los lazos que formamos entre nosotros? No es casualidad que casi cualquier canci&oacute;n que se escucha sea una canci&oacute;n de amor, y las pel&iacute;culas m&aacute;s memorables profundizan en cuestiones de amor y relaciones humanas. Los humanos necesitamos amor. Sin &eacute;l, nos enfermar&iacute;amos psicol&oacute;gicamente y, a veces, incluso f&iacute;sicamente. Las emociones que acompa&ntilde;an al amor, como el afecto, la anticipaci&oacute;n del reencuentro, el dolor por la p&eacute;rdida de un \"ser querido\" y la compasi&oacute;n por los d&eacute;biles y enfermos son dif&iacute;ciles de explicar en un marco materialista. Las emociones humanas m&aacute;s complejas, como las que acabamos de enumerar, as&iacute; como la culpa (inquietud por el mal hacer percibido), el temor (miedo a lo numinoso y lo desconocido) y el asombro (una sensaci&oacute;n de asombro ante los misterios de la vida), parecen apuntan a un nivel superior de ser, que es una fuente trascendente y un objeto para las emociones humanas que a su vez corresponde a la afirmaci&oacute;n de ese valor objetivo. El fil&oacute;sofo Robert Nozik concluye lo siguiente acerca de la estructura emocional de la existencia humana: \"para los prop&oacute;sitos actuales solo necesitamos suponer que el valor no es solo una cuesti&oacute;n de opini&oacute;n, que est&aacute; \"all&iacute; \"y tiene su propia naturaleza. Nuestra sugerencia actual es que las emociones son una respuesta al valor (cualquiera que pudiera ser la teor&iacute;a correcta del valor intr&iacute;nseco objetivo ) &rdquo;[41].\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Los humanos tenemos una tendencia intuitiva a valorar a los dem&aacute;s y a nosotros mismos. A trav&eacute;s de la observaci&oacute;n y la experiencia, se hace r&aacute;pidamente evidente que el aspecto espiritual o no material de nuestras vidas, se sustenta por, entre otras cosas, el amor y las relaciones interpersonales, especialmente aquellas en las que sabemos que somos amados incondicionalmente; es decir, no amamos por lo que hacemos o hemos logrado, sino simplemente amamos por ser la persona que somos. Sin el conocimiento de que somos tan amados, como se mencion&oacute; anteriormente, terminamos en un estado de enfermedad psicol&oacute;gica que sofoca nuestra prosperidad personal en la vida. Tambi&eacute;n parece esencial para nuestro bienestar espiritual no solo que recibamos este amor incondicional, sino tambi&eacute;n que lo correspondamos.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&iquest;Podr&iacute;a ser que, ir&oacute;nicamente, lo que subjetivamente sentimos apunta a lo que es objetivamente real? Si hay, de hecho, una explicaci&oacute;n objetiva para estos aspectos existenciales de la preocupaci&oacute;n humana, una explicaci&oacute;n fuera de, e independiente de la preferencia y la opini&oacute;n humana, &iquest;podr&iacute;a ser que aqu&iacute; nos encontremos mirando a trav&eacute;s de un vidrio oscuramente al rostro de Dios?\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[1] C.S. Lewis, Milagros, (San Francisco, Harper Collins), 129-130.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>[2] George Gallup, Jr. La pr&oacute;xima espiritualidad estadounidense: Encontrar a Dios en el siglo XXI (Colorado Springs, Victor).\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>[3] Ib&iacute;d. 44)\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>[4] Ib&iacute;d. 50\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>[5] Ib&iacute;d. 43)\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[6] Wilfred Cantwell Smith, La fe de otros hombres (Nueva York, NY: La Nueva Biblioteca Americana de Literatura Mundial, 1963); p&aacute;g. 119. Parece que m&aacute;s personas, ya sean acad&eacute;micos o laicos, se sienten de esta manera. Esto pone a la iglesia en una posici&oacute;n inc&oacute;moda en la que simplemente citar Juan 14: 6 y Hechos 4:12 no la va a cortar para la mayor&iacute;a de las personas en nuestra sociedad contempor&aacute;nea. Este contexto requiere que hagamos un caso para la plausibilidad de estas proposiciones b&iacute;blicas, en lugar de simplemente citarlas como autoritativas.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[7] Ib&iacute;d.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>[8] Juan 14: 6\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>[9] Mateo 7: 13-14\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>[10] Lucas 19:10\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>[11] Mateo 28: 19-20\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>[12] Cf. Juan 3:36, 5:23, 6:53, 8:23, 8: 46-47. Se podr&iacute;a argumentar que cuando Jes&uacute;s dice que cualquiera que cree en &eacute;l tiene vida eterna, esto todav&iacute;a es consistente con una mentalidad pluralista de que Jes&uacute;s es un camino a la vida, pero Jes&uacute;s se refiere a s&iacute; mismo como el &uacute;nico camino a la vida, el perd&oacute;n, etc. excluyendo todos los dem&aacute;s cuando &eacute;l pone en t&eacute;rminos de que nadie tendr&aacute; vida aparte de creer en &Eacute;l.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;[13] Hechos 14:12\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>[14] 1 Timoteo 2: 5\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[15] Harold J. Netland, Encountering Religious Pluralism, The Challenge to Christian Faith and Mission, (Downers Grove, IVP, 2001), 49.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;[16] Incluso el paleont&oacute;logo ateo Stephen J. Gould ha comentado la notable coincidencia de nuestra situaci&oacute;n. \". . . Los caminos que han llevado a nuestra evoluci&oacute;n son extravagantes, improbables, irrepetibles y completamente impredecibles. . rebobina la cinta de la vida hasta los albores del tiempo y deja que suene nuevamente, y nunca volver&aacute;s a tener humanos por segunda vez \". Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001). P. 271.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;[17] Paul Davies, Dios y la nueva f&iacute;sica (Nueva York: Sim&oacute;n y Schuster, 1983), p.177.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;[18] Jacques Monod, Chance and Necessity (Nueva York: Vintage Books, 1972), p&aacute;g. 180\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;[19] Patrick Glynn, God: The Evidence: The Reconciliation of Faith and Reason in a Postsecualr World (Rocklin, CA: Forum, 1997)\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>[20] Ib&iacute;d., 19.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;[21] Ib&iacute;d., 22.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;[22] Ib&iacute;d., 22-23.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[23] Ib&iacute;d., 22-23.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[24] Richard Swinburne, La existencia de Dios (Oxford: Clarendon Press: 1979), cap. 8)\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[25] Paul Davies, Dios y la nueva f&iacute;sica (Nueva York: Simon y Schuster, 1983), pp.171-172\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[26] Davies, p. 189\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[27] Ib&iacute;d. pag. 172. Davies tambi&eacute;n refuta los intentos actuales del naturalismo con las teor&iacute;as de universos paralelos y de burbujas.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[28] Gerald L. Schroeder, La ciencia de Dios: la convergencia de la sabidur&iacute;a cient&iacute;fica y b&iacute;blica (Nueva York: The Free Press, 1997), p&aacute;g. 128\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[29] Ian Barbour, Religi&oacute;n en una era de la ciencia; The Gifford Lectures 1989-1991 Volumen 1 (San Francisco: Harper, 1990), p. 25\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[30] Hugh Ross, Por qu&eacute; creo en el milagro de la creaci&oacute;n divina en Norman L. Geisler y Paul K, Hoffman, eds. Por qu&eacute; soy cristiano (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001), p. 141. Ross tambi&eacute;n proporciona una tabla impresionante en este ensayo que detalla 35 evidencias para el ajuste fino del universo descubierto hasta ahora por los cient&iacute;ficos.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[31] Por ejemplo, no podemos esperar una buena salud si no obtenemos las vitaminas que necesitamos, y no podemos conducir nuestro autom&oacute;vil por un precipicio, o beber veneno y esperar vivir. Existe, entonces, una realidad objetiva en el &aacute;mbito f&iacute;sico de la existencia que debemos descubrir y organizarnos para vivir y florecer como humanos. En este punto, se podr&iacute;a decir que Dios no ha revelado especialmente nada al hombre sobre el funcionamiento f&iacute;sico del universo, sino que ha dejado a la humanidad para que lo descubra por su cuenta. Luego de esto, entonces, ser&iacute;a la pregunta de por qu&eacute; deber&iacute;amos esperar algo especial en t&eacute;rminos de su orden espiritual de las cosas. Una respuesta a esta cr&iacute;tica tendr&iacute;a que incluir, en parte, la idea de que nuestra naturaleza espiritual y sus ramificaciones son mucho m&aacute;s preocupantes. Si bien podemos morir bebiendo veneno que a&uacute;n no hemos aprendido es veneno, morir sin haber tenido una relaci&oacute;n adecuada con Dios tiene consecuencias mucho m&aacute;s graves y eternas. La urgencia de nuestras vidas espirituales requerir&iacute;a un mensaje claro para que no se pueda cometer ning&uacute;n error.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[32] Por la esencia de este argumento de lo f&iacute;sico a lo no f&iacute;sico y sus implicaciones para el particularismo cristiano. Estoy en deuda con Douglas Geivett. &iquest;Es Jes&uacute;s el &uacute;nico camino? en Michael J. Wilkins y J.P. Moreland, eds., Jesus Under Fire; La beca moderna reinventa al Jes&uacute;s hist&oacute;rico (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995), pp. 177-200\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;[33] El uso del pronombre masculino no pretende sugerir que Dios es og el g&eacute;nero masculino, ni sugerir ninguna superioridad sexista del g&eacute;nero masculino sobre la femenina. Su uso es simplemente permanecer consistente con la tradici&oacute;n b&iacute;blica de referirse predominantemente a Dios en t&eacute;rminos masculinos.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[34] Leo Tolstoi, Mi confesi&oacute;n en E. D. Klemke, ed., El sentido de la vida (Nueva York: Oxford, 1981), p. 14)\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[35] Ib&iacute;dem, p.13.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>[36] Ib&iacute;dem, p.11.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>37] Glynn, Dios La Evidencia, p. 147\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[38] Paul Kurtz, ed., Humanist Manifestos I and II (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1973), p&aacute;g. 18)\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[39] Herbert A Tonne, Garabatos de un humanista secular preocupado (Northvale, NJ: Humanists of New Jersey, 1988) p. 39. El &eacute;nfasis es m&iacute;o.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[40] Ravi Zacharias, El hombre puede vivir sin Dios (Dallas: Word, 1994), p&aacute;g. 141\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[41] Robert Nozik, La vida examinada: Meditaciones filos&oacute;ficas, (Nueva York: Touchstone, 1989), p. 92. La experiencia emocional humana se ha vuelto cada vez m&aacute;s fascinante para m&iacute;. Lo veo como un indicador muy poderoso del valor objetivo y la validaci&oacute;n del te&iacute;smo b&iacute;blico como la verdad. Por ejemplo, las reflexiones recientes han llevado a algunas de las siguientes ideas. Se puede argumentar que, dada la selecci&oacute;n natural y la \"supervivencia del m&aacute;s apto\" de la evoluci&oacute;n naturalista, muchas de las emociones que este proceso sin sentido nos ha legado casi parecen contraproducentes. La culpa, por ejemplo, no encaja realmente en un marco de \"supervivencia del m&aacute;s apto\", pero de hecho parece contraproducente, ni la compasi&oacute;n por los d&eacute;biles y los menos afortunados. Deber&iacute;amos ser capaces de dejar sin culpa a nuestros d&eacute;biles para que mueran, o incluso matarlos, y si elegimos no hacerlo, ciertamente no deber&iacute;amos molestarnos con aquellos que llevan esta &eacute;tica de \"poder hacer lo correcto\" en su extremo mortal. Uno podr&iacute;a objetar que la conciencia culpable es simplemente el producto de la crianza de los hijos y la socializaci&oacute;n, pero esta respuesta dif&iacute;cilmente explica la capacidad misma que tenemos para tales sentimientos. Adem&aacute;s, &iquest;por qu&eacute; deber&iacute;amos tener una sensaci&oacute;n de asombro sobre el universo y los misterios de la vida, si todo lo que estamos aqu&iacute; es sobrevivir? En el mundo animal, no vemos temor, definido aqu&iacute; como miedo a lo desconocido, sino m&aacute;s bien miedo a lo que se percibe. Los humanos temen no solo lo percibido, sino tambi&eacute;n lo concebido, especialmente lo que sucede despu&eacute;s de que morimos. Peculiar si todo lo que somos son masas de mol&eacute;culas sin sentido. Las emociones necesarias para sobrevivir parecen ser ira, miedo y lujuria, m&iacute;nimamente. Pero incluso si uno dice que estas emociones evolucionaron para ayudarnos a sobrevivir, necesariamente traer&aacute;n dise&ntilde;o o prop&oacute;sito a la imagen. Las emociones son dif&iacute;ciles de explicar en una cosmovisi&oacute;n naturalista.\u003C\u002Fp>","\n\nThere are two ways to get from God to Christ. The first is by faith. The second is by sight.\n\nIl y a deux façons de se rendre de Dieu au Christ. La première est par la foi. La seconde est par la vue.","\n\n신을 예수 앞으로 이동하는 방법 (제1부)",{"id":95,"title":96,"description":97,"featured":30,"transcript":31,"subtitle":31,"playerembed":31,"category_id":6,"slug":98,"answertype":33,"created_at":34,"updated_at":99,"thumbnail":36,"embed_thumbnail":37,"embed_icon":38,"title_es":100,"description_es":101,"playerembed_es":17,"transcript_es":17,"title_fr":102,"description_fr":17,"playerembed_fr":17,"transcript_fr":17,"title_ko":103,"description_ko":17,"playerembed_ko":17,"transcript_ko":17,"question_id":17,"category_slug":9,"category_name":-1},95,"Getting from God to Christ (Part 2)","\u003Cp>Our relational capacity, and all the emotions that accompany it, is significant in that it is difficult, first of all, to account for such things with naturalism.&nbsp; For example, if naturalism were true, then one would assume that all our emotions gradually evolved and, in a Darwinian framework, have some kind of survival value.&nbsp; Yet there are some human emotions that seem to have been built into us for reasons of knowing&nbsp;we need something more than life “under the sun” can offer, reasons far beyond mere survival. C. S. Lewis has suggested, “If I find in myself a desire that nothing in this world can satisfy, the most probable explanation is that I was made for another world.”[1]\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>One of the most significant things about our emotional make up as humans is that we have an inner yearning for love and relationships with other humans. Perhaps that is why we, in our best state, seem to seek the well being of the weak and sickly.&nbsp; Is it not plausible to suggest that we were&nbsp;\u003Cem>made\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;for love?&nbsp; But what is love, and where does it come from?&nbsp; Is it merely a human invention; a social convention?&nbsp; Or is it something that we discover to be meaningful and wonderful; something that comes to us from “out there?”\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Given our yearning for meaningful and loving relationships, we may make the following intimations.&nbsp; Humans are deeply relational beings.&nbsp; This relational capacity is of the essence of our personhood.&nbsp; Anything that is of such fundamental inherent quality would only have meaning if it were much more than a mere social convention, thus it must have an origin outside of and independent from human experience, that is, its source must be objective.&nbsp; Further, that origin must share something of that relational capacity as well, insofar as it is the source of personhood and relational capacity among humans, that is, the source of human relational capacity must share that same capacity to relate meaningfully.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>If, as has been suggested, our personhood is at least partially defined by our capacity to relate meaningfully with others, and the source of our personhood and relational capacity shares this as well, we are dealing with a Person that seeks a relationship with persons.&nbsp; We could further expect that what makes relationships among ourselves as persons possible is what is needed in our relationship with this Person as well.&nbsp; An indispensable means for establishing and maintaining relationships is self-disclosure.&nbsp; We cannot begin to come to really know and relate meaningfully to each other until we decide to communicate.&nbsp; So it stands to reason, if our relational capacities come from a higher source, and that Source (God&nbsp;) is the master of relationships, so to speak, then we would expect that God, wishing to relate meaningfully as a relational Person to persons, would disclose himself in some fashion; i.e. we might expect that God would somehow communicate in a clear and unmistakable way the terms for a relationship with himself.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Evaluating Religious Pluralism and the Moral Criterion\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Why would such “clear and unmistakable” disclosure be necessary?&nbsp; Religiously oriented people have historically concluded that humans are not what they are supposed to be individually and collectively, and thus develop some idea as to how to get into a right relationship with ultimate reality, or God. This, partially, is what gives rise to the many different theories about what ultimate reality is, and how we, as humans are to relate to it for our salvation\u002Fliberation\u002Fenlightenment\u002Fdeliverance, thus contributing to religious pluralism.&nbsp; A small sampling should suffice in demonstrating this.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Buddhism is essentially atheistic (no god), having broken away from Hinduism, which is polytheistic (viz. 300 million deities). Buddhists hold that it is desire that keeps us ignorant about reality and binds us to this temporal illusion (\u003Cem>maya\u003C\u002Fem>), which results in our continued cycles (\u003Cem>samsara\u003C\u002Fem>) of death, re-birth and suffering.&nbsp; The goal for human existence is enlightenment\u002Fliberation, which delivers (\u003Cem>moksha\u003C\u002Fem>) us from this plight and enables us to achieve the bliss of&nbsp;\u003Cem>Nirvana\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;(cessation of desire).&nbsp; Within Hinduism are various approaches to the question of the divine.&nbsp; Some say the gods are personal; others may assert them to be impersonal. It is through the various yogic disciplines that humans become one with reality, and achieve deliverance.&nbsp; New Age philosophies are more pantheistic, claiming that “god” is an impersonal force in us all and we are all god, teaching that the reason we are so miserable is that we have not discovered in ourselves our own god- or Christ-consciousness.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Even of the religions that claim that there is one personal God that created all things there is still much distinction, particularly in terms of how they view Jesus Christ.&nbsp; Jews say that Jesus was nothing more than another, misguided, Jewish man, while Muslims claim that Jesus was, indeed a great prophet, but that he did not, as Christians proclaim, die on the cross, or rise from the dead.&nbsp; Christians claim that the death and resurrection of Jesus have a special significance for&nbsp;\u003Cem>all\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;humanity, since Jesus himself claimed that “he who has seen me has seen the Father (John 14:9)” and that he alone is the “way the truth and the life, and no one comes to the Father (an interpersonal relationship with God) but through me (John 14:6).”[2]&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Moving on from this point, we might also conclude that the very presence of such religious diversity points up a problem; in fact a serious problem that cannot be dis&nbsp;missed.&nbsp; “It is impossible to discern a consistent pattern among the innumerable human strategies for seeking spiritual fulfillment.&nbsp; The sad track record of religious activity initiated by humans suggests that the conditions for a genuine spiritual satisfaction must be set by our Creator.”[3]&nbsp; This is no doubt the source of religious diversity, but also much religious and spiritual confusion.&nbsp; One of the serious factors often overlooked, however, is that these many “strategies” that have been proposed throughout human history in the great religions and the current “spirituality” of modern times are not only different, but outright contradictory.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The marked differences in how strategies prescribe obtaining a relationship with the divine has led religious pluralists, like John Hick, to conclude that all of the religions must somehow be experiencing the same ultimate reality, just in different ways. [4]&nbsp; This entails seeing in each of the great religions embodiments of different perceptions and experiences of the same ultimate reality, although these are not direct experiences; instead they are experiences of “the unexperienceable reality that underlies that realm.” Hick identifies the Real, so as not to privilege any given religious tradition over another. This explains the diversity.&nbsp; The incompatibilities between the different faith systems are real, admits Hick, being culturally conditioned responses that should be expected.&nbsp; This does not in anyway mean anything ontologically with regard to the Real itself.&nbsp; The Real is what it is, and in the end it is ineffable, “the ultimate Mystery” about which no single system can definitively say or know anything.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; No substantial attributes can be known about it, only informal attributes, which are altogether “trivial and inconsequential.”&nbsp; That is, these attributes, observed in the phenomenological expression of people in the various religions variously as God, Brahman, Allah, Vishnu, etc., do not give us any actual information about the Real.&nbsp; Consequently, it can not be said to be “one or many, person or thing, conscious or unconscious, purposive or non-purposive, substance or process, good or evil, loving or hating.”&nbsp; Hick’s model is one of the most sophisticated as far as an attempt to explain the diversity without privileging one religious tradition.&nbsp; It is saying that there is an absolute Reality, but it is experienced in culturally conditioned, and thus indirect, ways, all of which, although incompatible, are legitimate.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Hick speaks of the different conceptions and cultural expressions of the Real as neither literally true nor false, but rather “mythologically true,” and this is judged by the effect that that belief has on individuals and communities.&nbsp; That is, they cannot be considered true in any objective sense, but rather a pragmatic sense. The greatest criterion by which this mythological truthfulness can be evaluated is whether the religion is “soteriologically effective.”&nbsp; For Hick this means the “production of saints.”&nbsp; He writes, “one valid criterion by which to identify a religious tradition as a salvific human response to the Real” is whether or not it has produced “saints.” A saint is one who, having assimilated the teachings of his or her faith system, is transformed into a person characterized by “moral goodness,” which is manifest in one’s “serving his or her fellows either in works of mercy or, characteristically in our modern sociologically-conscious age, political activity as well, seeking to change the structures with in which humans live.” Focusing on others in this sense means that one has experienced the salvific transformation, and has moved from self-centeredness to Reality-centeredness. This is the hallmark of salvation\u002Fliberation\u002Fenlightenment\u002Fredemption\u002Fawakening (the various concepts of the different religions describing in Hick’s mind, the same experience of the Real). No matter what it is called in the various faiths, it represents “a striking similarity of the transformed human state.”&nbsp; So the criterion by which one can judge the validity of a given faith is in its moral fruits.&nbsp; There are several glaring difficulties with Hick’s model.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>First, his claim that none of the major religious traditions represent direct experiences of the Real is a reinterpretation and distortion of the systems themselves with which the practitioners of these various religions would not agree.&nbsp; In fact, it is of the nature of any truth claim to be exclusive. Every true devotee of the various religious systems would claim to be in direct, not indirect, touch with Ultimate Truth, and that the other religions are lacking. Even the Dalai Llama has stated “Liberation . . . is a state that only Buddhists can accomplish.&nbsp; This kind of&nbsp;\u003Cem>moksha&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fem>or&nbsp;\u003Cem>nirvana\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;is only explained in the Buddhist scriptures, and is achieved only through Buddhist practice.”[5] Hick’s thesis reinterprets and distorts main tenets of the different religious faiths calling their accounts “trivial and inconsequential” insofar as they are not direct experiences of the Real, saying things about their views that are simply unacceptable to the practitioners of those faiths.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Second, Hick is being inconsistent when he claims that the Real cannot be known, yet we can know that a given religious tradition is in touch somehow with the Real when it fulfills the minimal criterion of “salvific transformation” and the “production of saints.” This moral framework for evaluation raises important questions.&nbsp; If the Real cannot be known, and neither personal nor non-personal, good nor evil can be predicated about it, then how can one know that the Real is behind the salvific transformation of any given faith?&nbsp; How is it that being appropriately related to Hick’s a-personal and amoral Real somehow produces people characterized by moral characteristics to which the Real itself is indifferent? &nbsp;If “salvific transformation” is seen in “the transition from self-centeredness to Reality centeredness” as Hick suggests, but the Real cannot be known, how can one know he or she truly is reality centered, or even that being such is a worthwhile endeavor? &nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;Finally, moral capacity is part of the very essence of what it means to be a person. Morality is concerned with persons, and it presupposes that persons matter.&nbsp; But ultimately, persons do&nbsp;\u003Cem>not&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fem>matter to the Real.&nbsp; If salvific transformation produces moral goodness, compassion and justice, it would seem that the Real was concerned about these virtues. But to be&nbsp;\u003Cem>concerned\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;and&nbsp;\u003Cem>prefer\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;one form of behavior over another are&nbsp;\u003Cem>personal\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;attributes. This actually reduces morality to a purely human convention, and provides no basis for suggesting that some behaviors (e.g. relieving injustice, compassion on the poor) are indeed to be morally preferred over others (e.g. luring followers into mass suicide, mass homicide through crashing planes into buildings).[6] &nbsp;&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>If we look exclusively to the idea of morality as a chief criterion for discerning any given religion as “true,” as pluralists and spiritually oriented people tend to do, it is immediately clear that most religious viewpoints do in fact share much wisdom in this particular department.&nbsp; For example, most have in their ethical instruction a version of what has come to be known as the “Golden Rule;” “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.”&nbsp; This idea did not originate with the Bible or with Jesus.&nbsp; The Dalai Lama has opined, “all the different religious faiths, despite their philosophical differences, have a similar objective.&nbsp; Every religion emphasizes human improvement, love, respect for others, sharing other people’s suffering. On these lines, every religion has more or less the same viewpoint.”[7]&nbsp; This proposition rings true. But given this unanimity in morality within religion, how should the validity of religious systems be assessed?\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Morality has to do with our relationships with one another.&nbsp; In a theistic framework it would seem sensible to expect a consensus on moral wisdom not only among the “great” world religions but also among pagans, atheists and secularists as well.&nbsp; If the God that created us is a loving God that takes continued interest in his human creation, as the anthropic principle intimates, then it would stand to reason that this God would build into these humans, whom he wishes to preserve, something, minimally, to keep them from destroying each other; so that humankind cannot only survive, but thrive.[8]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>So what do we do with morality?&nbsp; Morality is a putative concern because we have an intuitive sense that human life has intrinsic worth and value.&nbsp; We establish our moral rules to preserve this value.&nbsp; It is almost instinctual, and inevitable, thus so common that it would be foolish to place much stock in the moral sense as a means to achieving a meaningful relationship with God.&nbsp; Morality should be understood as God’s means of preserving his human creation by protecting them from each other, and giving them an impetus to care for each other. Again, this is what one would expect in an anthropically fine-tuned universe.&nbsp; Our moral sense is a part of that fine-tuning, not a means to establishing an interpersonal relationship with God.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>If our focus is on morality, we soon realize that morality is not necessarily our friend, but our foe, for sincerely focusing upon the moral law only results in the painful awareness of our failure to uphold it and thus an awareness of our need for something more.&nbsp; When we come to realize what is expected of us, and strive to be&nbsp;\u003Cem>that&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fem>good, it dawns on us quickly how very short we fall from the standard.&nbsp; We realize that a relationship with the divine, or God, is somehow interrelated to our morality, and that our failure to keep the moral law is the root of our estrangement from this God; thus the emphasis in most religions on morality and doing good.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In fact, one might say that religions exist in such abundance because there is this deep sense of estrangement from what we humans know we are supposed to be doing and experiencing.&nbsp; It is also in the concept of the “solution” to our estrangement that we see much contradiction among the religions.&nbsp; In Buddhism it is relinquishing all desire, in Islam it is careful observance of Allah’s will as revealed in the&nbsp;\u003Cem>Quran\u003C\u002Fem>, in the New Age it is discovering and embracing a cosmic consciousness, and in Christianity it is being saved from you sin.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>This is where Hick’s moral ideas should lead us.&nbsp; The putative nature of human morality leaves us not with a means of salvation, but a means of recognizing our need for it.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The Law of Non-Contradiction\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Given these inadequacies of Hick’s model, and the moral criterion used to judge all religions as equally valid, we must evaluate the diversity of religions using a different approach.&nbsp; Instead of dismissing out of hand the glaring contradictions by merely relegating them to indirect experiences of an ultimately unexplainable reality, we are left with many religions making&nbsp;\u003Cem>contradictory&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fem>truth claims. From this standpoint, simple logic should lead us away from the idea that all religious viewpoints are equally valid. Consequently, while all these religions may be found to be inadequate, there also remains the possibility that one of them is indeed the way to God, at the exclusion of all those that contradict its truth claims.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The law of non-contradiction asserts that two contradictory propositions cannot both be right at the same time and from the same perspective.&nbsp; That is if one religion claims that god is impersonal and manifested in many deities, and another claims that there is only one God and God is personal, then they both cannot be providing a correct assessment of God.[9]&nbsp; Many authors have brilliantly illustrated not only the law of non-contradiction, but also how this law of logic is is inescapable and undeniable. In fact, the moment one would object to the use of the law of noncontradiction as the way to discern truth, they have used the law to try to denounce it. [10] &nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Now, as mentioned, while all these religions cannot be equally correct, they could quite possibly all be wrong. As Netland states, “Even if in principle it is granted that one religious tradition might be superior to the rest, why should we assume that Christianity is in this privileged&nbsp; position?&nbsp; After all, why Jesus and not the Buddha?”[11] &nbsp;Is there a way to cut through the confusion?&nbsp; This is where it becomes necessary to resume the paradigm of love and relationships point to the truth about our spiritual situation in the universe.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Chr>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[1]&nbsp;C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity, (New York: Macmilllan, 1952), p. 106.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[2] Netland has done an informative job in detailing the incompatibilities and conflicting truth claims not only between the different religious faiths, but also within them. He center shis dission on how the various faiths answer the questions of the nature fo the religious ultimate, the human predicament, and salvation.&nbsp;\u003Cem>Encountering&nbsp;Religious Pluralism\u003C\u002Fem>,\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[3]&nbsp;Geivett,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Is Jesus the Only Way\u003C\u002Fem>? p. 194.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[4] The following discussion on Hick derives from Harold J. Netland’s&nbsp;\u003Cem>Encountering Religious Pluralism, The Challenge to Christian Faith and Mission\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;(Downers Grove, IVP) 218-246.&nbsp; Netland was a former student s of Hick’s, and now teaches at Trinity International University and Trinity Evangelical Divinity School in Deerfield, Illinois.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[5] The Dalai Lame, cited by Netland in&nbsp;\u003Cem>Encountering Religious Pluralism, p. 218\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[6]It should be noted that Hick’s moral criteria for evaluating the validity of a given religion is actually exclusionary when it comes to some religions and their practices.&nbsp; Harold Netland, a former student of Hick’s, has observed the following about Hick’s notion of the soteriological transformation.&nbsp; “It provides the criterion for discriminating between responses to the Real that are legitimate and that are not.&nbsp; No one supposes that all religious leaders or teachings are equally valid or equally in touch with the Real.&nbsp; There is a substantial difference between Jim Jones and . . . St. Francis of Assisi and Mahatma Gandhi.&nbsp; Likewise, there is a difference between child sacrifice and the Muslim&nbsp; practice of . . . (giving alsms).” He then quotes Hick who opines that religious traditions “‘have greater or less value according as they promote or hinder salvific transformation.”&nbsp;\u003Cem>Encountering Religious Pluralism; The Challenge To Christian Faith and Mission\u003C\u002Fem>, (Downers Grove, IVP, 2001), 227.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[7] The Dalai Lame, cited by Netland in&nbsp;\u003Cem>Encountering Religious Pluralism, p. 216.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[8] Atheism provides no ultimate framework for morality.&nbsp; Ethics operates on the assumption that human life is important and worth preserving, and Atheism provides no convincing or certain basis for affirming human dignity or intrinsic value.&nbsp; This, however, is the very root of ethics since ethics has to do, largely, with how we&nbsp;\u003Cem>ought\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;to treat one another.&nbsp; If belief in a personal God or being religious were prerequisite for any kind of ethical outlook on life, the “human” experiment would probably have been a very short one.&nbsp; The theistic view understands God as the source of human dignity. Biblical theism, in fact, holds to the unique position that humans are created equally as male and female in the image and likeness of God.&nbsp; This view provides a fixed basis for affirming the intrinsic value of human life. The notion of intrinsic value, however, is not logically consistent with a view of origins that claims that humans are either simply matter in motion, as Western materialism asserts, or&nbsp;\u003Cem>Maya\u003C\u002Fem>, a temporary illusion, as is generally held by most Eastern monistic philosophies and religions. I am indebted to Francis A. Schaeffer with regard to this significant observation regarding the distinction and yet similarity of Western and Eastern thought. His ideas concerning this matter are most clearly set forth in&nbsp;\u003Cem>Whatever Happened to the Human Race\u003C\u002Fem>? in&nbsp;\u003Cem>The Complete Works of Francis Schaeffer , Volume 5, A Christian View of the West\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;(Westchester, IL: Crossway Books, 1982), pp. 367-373.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[9] Zacharias,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Can man Live Without God\u003C\u002Fem>, p. 125-126.&nbsp; Zacharias carefully demonstrates that every religion is exclusivistic in the final analysis, and that they teach contradictory things.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[10]&nbsp;Ibid., pp. 126-131. See Also Harold Netland,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Encountering Religious Pluralism\u003C\u002Fem>, 293-297. Paul Copan, “\u003Cem>True forYou but Not for Me”\u003C\u002Fem>&nbsp;(Minneapolis, Bethany, 1998), 29-31, and Ronald H. Nash,&nbsp;\u003Cem>Life’s Ultimate Questions, An Introduction to Philosophy\u003C\u002Fem>, (Grand Rapids,Zondervan, 1999), 193-207.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[11] Netland, 157.\u003C\u002Fp>","getting-from-god-to-christ-part-2","2023-08-03T06:09:26.470Z","Comenzando de Dios a Cristo (Parte 2)","\u003Cp>Nuestra capacidad para relacionarnos, y todas las emociones que le acompa&ntilde;an, es significativa porque es dif&iacute;cil, en primer lugar, dar cuenta de tales cosas con naturalismo. Por ejemplo, si el naturalismo fuera cierto, uno asumir&iacute;a que todas nuestras emociones evolucionaron gradualmente y, en un marco darwiniano, tienen alg&uacute;n tipo de valor de supervivencia. Sin embargo, hay algunas emociones humanas que parecen haberse incorporado a nosotros por razones de saber que necesitamos algo m&aacute;s de lo que la vida \"bajo el sol\" puede ofrecer, razones que van mucho m&aacute;s all&aacute; de la mera supervivencia. C. S. Lewis ha sugerido: \"Si encuentro en m&iacute; un deseo que nada en este mundo puede satisfacer, la explicaci&oacute;n m&aacute;s probable es que fui creado para otro mundo\". [1]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Una de las cosas m&aacute;s significativas acerca de nuestro componente emocional como humanos, es que tenemos un anhelo interno de amor y relaciones con otros humanos. Quiz&aacute;s es por eso que, en nuestro mejor estado, parecemos buscar el bienestar de los d&eacute;biles y enfermos. &iquest;No es plausible sugerir que fuimos hechos para el amor? Pero, &iquest;qu&eacute; es el amor y de d&oacute;nde viene? &iquest;Es simplemente una invenci&oacute;n humana? una convenci&oacute;n social? &iquest;O es algo que descubrimos que es significativo y maravilloso? algo que nos viene del \"mas all&aacute;\"?\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Dado nuestro anhelo de relaciones significativas y amorosas, podemos hacer las siguientes indicaciones. Los humanos son seres profundamente relacionales. Esta capacidad relacional es la esencia de nuestra personalidad. Cualquier cosa que sea de una calidad inherente tan fundamental solo tendr&iacute;a sentido si fuera mucho m&aacute;s que una simple convenci&oacute;n social, por lo tanto, debe tener un origen externo e independiente de la experiencia humana, es decir, su fuente debe ser objetiva. Adem&aacute;s, ese origen tambi&eacute;n debe compartir algo de esa capacidad relacional, en la medida en que es la fuente de la personalidad y la capacidad relacional entre los humanos, es decir, la fuente de la capacidad relacional humana debe compartir esa misma capacidad de relacionarse de manera significativa.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>Si, como se ha sugerido, nuestra personalidad est&aacute; definida, al menos en parte, por nuestra capacidad de relacionarnos significativamente con los dem&aacute;s, y la fuente de nuestra personalidad y capacidad relacional tambi&eacute;n comparte esto, estamos tratando con una Persona que busca una relaci&oacute;n con otras personas. Podr&iacute;amos esperar adem&aacute;s que lo que hace posible las relaciones entre nosotros como personas es lo que se necesita en nuestra relaci&oacute;n con esta Persona tambi&eacute;n. Un medio indispensable para establecer y mantener relaciones es la autorrevelaci&oacute;n. No podemos comenzar a llegar a conocernos y relacionarnos significativamente hasta que decidamos comunicarnos. Entonces, es l&oacute;gico, si nuestras capacidades relacionales provienen de una fuente superior, y esa Fuente (Dios) es la maestra de las relaciones, por as&iacute; decirlo, entonces esperar&iacute;amos que Dios, deseando relacionarse significativamente como una Persona relacional con las personas, se revelar&iacute;a de alguna manera; es decir, podr&iacute;amos esperar que Dios comunique de alguna manera clara e inconfundible los t&eacute;rminos para una relaci&oacute;n consigo mismo.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>Evaluaci&oacute;n del pluralismo religioso y el criterio moral\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&iquest;Por qu&eacute; ser&iacute;a necesaria tal revelaci&oacute;n \"clara e inconfundible\"? Hist&oacute;ricamente, las personas con orientaci&oacute;n religiosa han concluido que los humanos no son lo que se supone que son individual y colectivamente, y por lo tanto desarrollan alguna idea sobre c&oacute;mo llegar a una relaci&oacute;n correcta con la realidad &uacute;ltima, o con Dios. Esto, en parte, es lo que da lugar a las muchas teor&iacute;as diferentes sobre qu&eacute; es la realidad &uacute;ltima y c&oacute;mo nosotros, como humanos, debemos relacionarnos con ella para nuestra salvaci&oacute;n \u002F liberaci&oacute;n \u002F iluminaci&oacute;n \u002F liberaci&oacute;n, contribuyendo as&iacute; al pluralismo religioso. Una peque&ntilde;a muestra deber&iacute;a ser suficiente para demostrar esto.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>El budismo es esencialmente ateo (sin dios), habi&eacute;ndose separado del hinduismo, que es polite&iacute;sta (a saber, 300 millones de deidades). Los budistas sostienen que es el deseo lo que nos mantiene ignorantes de la realidad y nos une a esta ilusi&oacute;n temporal (maya), que resulta en nuestros ciclos continuos (samsara) de muerte, renacimiento y sufrimiento. El objetivo de la existencia humana es la iluminaci&oacute;n \u002F liberaci&oacute;n, que nos libera (moksha) de esta situaci&oacute;n y nos permite alcanzar la dicha del Nirvana (cese del deseo). Dentro del hinduismo hay varios enfoques a la cuesti&oacute;n de lo divino. Algunos dicen que los dioses son personales; otros pueden afirmar que son impersonales. Es a trav&eacute;s de las diversas disciplinas y&oacute;guicas que los humanos se vuelven uno con la realidad y logran la liberaci&oacute;n. Las filosof&iacute;as de la Nueva Era son m&aacute;s pante&iacute;stas, afirman que \"dios\" es una fuerza impersonal en todos nosotros y que todos somos dios, y que la raz&oacute;n por la que somos tan miserables es que no hemos descubierto en nosotros mismos nuestra propia conciencia de dios o de Cristo.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Incluso de las religiones que afirman que hay un Dios personal que cre&oacute; todas las cosas, todav&iacute;a hay mucha distinci&oacute;n, particularmente en t&eacute;rminos de c&oacute;mo ven a Jesucristo. Los jud&iacute;os dicen que Jes&uacute;s no era m&aacute;s que otro hombre jud&iacute;o equivocado, mientras que los musulmanes afirman que Jes&uacute;s fue, de hecho, un gran profeta, pero que, como proclaman los cristianos, no muri&oacute; en la cruz ni resucit&oacute; de entre los muertos. Los cristianos afirman que la muerte y resurrecci&oacute;n de Jes&uacute;s tienen un significado especial para toda la humanidad, ya que Jes&uacute;s mismo afirm&oacute; que \"el que me ha visto a m&iacute; ha visto al Padre (Juan 14: 9)\" y que &eacute;l solo es el \"camino la verdad y la vida, y nadie viene al Padre (una relaci&oacute;n interpersonal con Dios) sino por &Eacute;l (Juan 14: 6) \". [2]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Continuando desde este punto, tambi&eacute;n podr&iacute;amos concluir que la presencia misma de tal diversidad religiosa apunta a un problema; de hecho, un problema grave que no puede pasarse por alto. &ldquo;Es imposible discernir un patr&oacute;n consistente entre las innumerables estrategias humanas para buscar la realizaci&oacute;n espiritual. La triste trayectoria de la actividad religiosa iniciada por los humanos sugiere que las condiciones para una verdadera satisfacci&oacute;n espiritual deben ser establecidas por nuestro Creador&rdquo;. [3] Esta es sin duda la fuente de la diversidad religiosa, pero tambi&eacute;n mucha confusi&oacute;n religiosa y espiritual. Sin embargo, uno de los factores serios que a menudo se pasa por alto es que estas muchas \"estrategias\" que se han propuesto a lo largo de la historia humana en las grandes religiones y la \"espiritualidad\" actual de los tiempos modernos no solo son diferentes, sino totalmente contradictorias.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Las marcadas diferencias en c&oacute;mo las estrategias prescriben la obtenci&oacute;n de una relaci&oacute;n con lo divino han llevado a los pluralistas religiosos, como John Hick, a concluir que todas las religiones deben de alguna manera estar experimentando la misma final realidad, solo que de diferentes maneras. [4] Esto implica ver en cada una de las grandes religiones encarnaciones de diferentes percepciones y experiencias de la misma final realidad, aunque estas no son experiencias directas; en cambio, son experiencias de \"la realidad inexperimentable que subyace en ese reino\". Hick identifica lo Real para no privilegiar ninguna tradici&oacute;n religiosa sobre otra. Esto explica la diversidad. Las incompatibilidades entre los diferentes sistemas de fe son reales, admite Hick, siendo respuestas culturalmente condicionadas que deben esperarse. Esto no significa de ninguna manera nada ontol&oacute;gicamente con respecto a lo Real mismo. Lo Real es lo que es, y al final es inefable, \"el Misterio supremo\" sobre el que ning&uacute;n sistema puede decir o saber algo definitivamente. No se pueden conocer atributos sustanciales al respecto, solo atributos informales, que son totalmente \"triviales e intrascendentes\". Es decir, estos atributos, observados en la expresi&oacute;n fenomenol&oacute;gica de las personas en las diversas religiones, como Dios, Brahman, Allah, Vishnu, etc. ., no nos brinde ninguna informaci&oacute;n real sobre lo Real. En consecuencia, no se puede decir que sea \"uno o muchos, persona o cosa, consciente o inconsciente, intencional o no intencional, sustancia o proceso, bueno o malo, amoroso u odioso\". El modelo de Hick es uno de los m&aacute;s sofisticados. como un intento de explicar la diversidad sin privilegiar una tradici&oacute;n religiosa. Est&aacute; diciendo que existe una Realidad absoluta, pero se experimenta de formas culturalmente condicionadas y, por lo tanto, indirectas, todas las cuales, aunque incompatibles, son leg&iacute;timas.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>Hick habla de las diferentes concepciones y expresiones culturales de lo Real como ni literalmente verdaderas ni falsas, sino m&aacute;s bien \"mitol&oacute;gicamente verdaderas\", y esto se juzga por el efecto que esa creencia tiene en los individuos y las comunidades. Es decir, no pueden considerarse verdaderas en ning&uacute;n sentido objetivo, sino m&aacute;s bien un sentido pragm&aacute;tico. El criterio m&aacute;s importante por el cual se puede evaluar esta veracidad mitol&oacute;gica es si la religi&oacute;n es \"soteriol&oacute;gicamente efectiva\". Para Hick esto significa la \"producci&oacute;n de santos\". &Eacute;l escribe, \"un criterio v&aacute;lido para identificar una tradici&oacute;n religiosa como un humano salv&iacute;fico\". respuesta a lo Real \"es si ha producido o no\" santos \". Un santo es aquel que, habiendo asimilado las ense&ntilde;anzas de su sistema de fe, se transforma en una persona caracterizada por la\" bondad moral \", que se manifiesta en la propia \"Servir a sus semejantes, ya sea en obras de misericordia o, caracter&iacute;sticamente en nuestra era moderna con conciencia sociol&oacute;gica, actividad pol&iacute;tica tambi&eacute;n, buscando cambiar las estructuras con las que viven los humanos\". Centrarse en los dem&aacute;s en este sentido significa que uno ha experimentado la transformaci&oacute;n salv&iacute;fica, y ha pasado del egocentrismo al centrado en la realidad. Este es el sello distintivo de salvaci&oacute;n \u002F liberaci&oacute;n \u002F iluminaci&oacute;n \u002F redenci&oacute;n \u002F despertar (los diversos conceptos de las diferentes religiones que describen en la mente de Hick, la misma experiencia de lo Real). No importa c&oacute;mo se llame en las diversas religiones, representa \"una sorprendente similitud del estado humano transformado\". Por lo tanto, el criterio por el cual uno puede juzgar la validez de una fe dada est&aacute; en sus frutos morales. Hay varias dificultades evidentes con el modelo de Hick.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>En primer lugar, su afirmaci&oacute;n de que ninguna de las principales tradiciones religiosas representa experiencias directas de lo Real es una reinterpretaci&oacute;n y distorsi&oacute;n de los sistemas mismos con los que los practicantes de estas diversas religiones no estar&iacute;an de acuerdo. De hecho, es de la naturaleza de cualquier reclamo de verdad para ser exclusivo. Todo verdadero devoto de los diversos sistemas religiosos afirmar&iacute;a estar en contacto directo, no indirecto, con la Final Verdad, y que faltan las otras religiones. Incluso el Dalai Llama ha declarado \"Liberaci&oacute;n. . . es un estado que solo los budistas pueden lograr. Este tipo de moksha o nirvana solo se explica en las escrituras budistas, y se logra solo a trav&eacute;s de la pr&aacute;ctica budista&rdquo;. [5] La tesis de Hick reinterpreta y distorsiona los principios principales de las diferentes religiones que llaman a sus cuentas &ldquo;triviales e intrascendentes&rdquo; en la medida en que no son experiencias directas de lo Real, diciendo cosas sobre sus puntos de vista que son simplemente inaceptables para los practicantes de esas religiones.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>En segundo lugar, Hick es inconsistente cuando afirma que lo Real no puede ser conocido, pero podemos saber que una tradici&oacute;n religiosa dada est&aacute; de alguna manera en contacto con lo Real cuando cumple el criterio m&iacute;nimo de \"transformaci&oacute;n salv&iacute;fica\" y la \"producci&oacute;n de santos\".&rdquo; Este marco moral para la evaluaci&oacute;n plantea preguntas importantes. Si lo Real no puede ser conocido, ni tampoco personal o impersonal, el bien ni el mal pueden ser predicados al respecto, entonces &iquest;c&oacute;mo puede uno saber que lo Real est&aacute; detr&aacute;s de la transformaci&oacute;n salv&iacute;fica de cualquier fe dada? &iquest;C&oacute;mo es que estar apropiadamente relacionado con el real a-personal y amoral de Hick de alguna manera produce personas caracterizadas por caracter&iacute;sticas morales a las que lo real es indiferente? Si se ve la \"transformaci&oacute;n salv&iacute;fica\" en \"la transici&oacute;n del egocentrismo al centrado en la realidad\", como sugiere Hick, pero no se puede conocer lo Real, &iquest;c&oacute;mo se puede saber que &eacute;l o ella realmente est&aacute; centrado en la realidad, o incluso que ser as&iacute; es valioso? &iquest;esfuerzo?\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Finalmente, la capacidad moral es parte de la esencia misma de lo que significa ser una persona. La moral se refiere a las personas, y presupone que las personas importan. Pero en &uacute;ltima instancia, las personas no importan a lo Real. Si la transformaci&oacute;n salv&iacute;fica produce bondad moral, compasi&oacute;n y justicia, parecer&iacute;a que lo Real estaba preocupado por estas virtudes. Pero preocuparse y preferir una forma de comportamiento sobre otra son atributos personales. En realidad, esto reduce la moralidad a una convenci&oacute;n puramente humana, y no proporciona ninguna base para sugerir que algunos comportamientos (por ejemplo, aliviar la injusticia, la compasi&oacute;n por los pobres) sean de hecho moralmente preferidos sobre otros (por ejemplo, atraer a los seguidores al suicidio en masa, homicidios en masa a trav&eacute;s de aviones que se estrellan en edificios). [6]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Si consideramos exclusivamente la idea de la moralidad como criterio principal para discernir cualquier religi&oacute;n dada como \"verdadera\", como tienden a hacer las personas pluralistas y espiritualmente orientadas, queda claro de inmediato que la mayor&iacute;a de los puntos de vista religiosos comparten mucha sabidur&iacute;a en este particular Departamento. Por ejemplo, la mayor&iacute;a tiene en su instrucci&oacute;n &eacute;tica una versi&oacute;n de lo que se conoce como la \"Regla de Oro\"; \"trata a los dem&aacute;s como querr&iacute;as que te trataran a ti\". Esta idea no se origin&oacute; con la Biblia o con Jes&uacute;s. El Dalai Lama ha opinado que &ldquo;todas las diferentes creencias religiosas, a pesar de sus diferencias filos&oacute;ficas, tienen un objetivo similar. Cada religi&oacute;n enfatiza la mejora humana, el amor, el respeto por los dem&aacute;s, compartiendo el sufrimiento de otras personas. En este sentido, cada religi&oacute;n tiene m&aacute;s o menos el mismo punto de vista&rdquo;. [7] Esta proposici&oacute;n suena cierta. Pero dada esta unanimidad en la moral dentro de la religi&oacute;n, &iquest;c&oacute;mo debe evaluarse la validez de los sistemas religiosos?\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>La moral tiene que ver con nuestras relaciones mutuas. En un marco te&iacute;sta, parece sensato esperar un consenso sobre la sabidur&iacute;a moral no solo entre las \"grandes\" religiones del mundo, sino tambi&eacute;n entre los paganos, ateos y secularistas. Si el Dios que nos cre&oacute; es un Dios amoroso que se interesa continuamente en su creaci&oacute;n humana, como lo insin&uacute;a el principio antr&oacute;pico, entonces ser&iacute;a l&oacute;gico que este Dios se incorpore a estos humanos, a quienes desea preservar, algo, m&iacute;nimamente, para evitar que se destruyan mutuamente; para que la humanidad no solo pueda sobrevivir, sino prosperar. [8]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Entonces, &iquest;qu&eacute; hacemos con la moral? La moral es una preocupaci&oacute;n putativa porque tenemos un sentido intuitivo de que la vida humana tiene un valor intr&iacute;nseco. Establecemos nuestras reglas morales para preservar este valor. Es casi instintivo e inevitable, por lo tanto, tan com&uacute;n que ser&iacute;a una tonter&iacute;a poner mucha acci&oacute;n en el sentido moral como un medio para lograr una relaci&oacute;n significativa con Dios. La moralidad debe entenderse como el medio de Dios para preservar su creaci&oacute;n humana protegi&eacute;ndolas unas de otras y d&aacute;ndoles un impulso para cuidarse las unas a las otras. Una vez m&aacute;s, esto es lo que uno esperar&iacute;a en un universo afinado entr&oacute;picamente. Nuestro sentido moral es parte de ese ajuste, no un medio para establecer una relaci&oacute;n interpersonal con Dios.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Si nos enfocamos en la moralidad, pronto nos damos cuenta de que la moralidad no es necesariamente nuestra amiga, sino nuestra enemiga, ya que centrarnos sinceramente en la ley moral solo da como resultado la dolorosa conciencia de nuestra incapacidad para defenderla y, por lo tanto, la conciencia de nuestra necesidad de algo M&aacute;s. Cuando nos damos cuenta de lo que se espera de nosotros y nos esforzamos por ser tan buenos, nos damos cuenta r&aacute;pidamente de lo poco que estamos a la altura del est&aacute;ndar. Nos damos cuenta de que una relaci&oacute;n con lo divino, o Dios, de alguna manera est&aacute; interrelacionada con nuestra moralidad, y que nuestro incumplimiento de la ley moral es la ra&iacute;z de nuestro alejamiento de este Dios; De ah&iacute; el &eacute;nfasis en la mayor&iacute;a de las religiones en la moral y el bien. De hecho, se podr&iacute;a decir que las religiones existen en abundancia porque existe una profunda sensaci&oacute;n de distanciamiento de lo que los humanos sabemos que se supone que debemos estar haciendo y experimentando. Tambi&eacute;n es en el concepto de la \"soluci&oacute;n\" a nuestro alejamiento que vemos mucha contradicci&oacute;n entre las religiones. En el budismo est&aacute; renunciando a todo deseo, en el islam es una cuidadosa observancia de la voluntad de Al&aacute; como se revela en el Cor&aacute;n, en la Nueva Era est&aacute; descubriendo y abrazando una conciencia c&oacute;smica, y en el cristianismo se est&aacute; salvando de su pecado.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Aqu&iacute; es donde las ideas morales de Hick deber&iacute;an llevarnos. La naturaleza putativa de la moralidad humana no nos deja con un medio de salvaci&oacute;n, sino con un medio de reconocer nuestra necesidad de ella.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>La ley de no contradicci&oacute;n\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Dadas estas deficiencias del modelo de Hick, y el criterio moral utilizado para juzgar a todas las religiones como igualmente v&aacute;lidas, debemos evaluar la diversidad de religiones utilizando un enfoque diferente. En lugar de descartar de inmediato las contradicciones evidentes simplemente releg&aacute;ndolas a experiencias indirectas de una realidad en &uacute;ltima instancia inexplicable, nos quedamos con muchas religiones que hacen afirmaciones de verdad contradictorias. Desde este punto de vista, la l&oacute;gica simple deber&iacute;a alejarnos de la idea de que todos los puntos de vista religiosos son igualmente v&aacute;lidos. En consecuencia, aunque se puede encontrar que todas estas religiones son inadecuadas, tambi&eacute;n existe la posibilidad de que una de ellas sea el camino a Dios, con exclusi&oacute;n de todas aquellas que contradicen sus afirmaciones de verdad.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>La ley de no contradicci&oacute;n afirma que dos proposiciones contradictorias no pueden ser correctas al mismo tiempo y desde la misma perspectiva. Es decir, si una religi&oacute;n afirma que Dios es impersonal y se manifiesta en muchas deidades, y otra afirma que solo hay un Dios y que Dios es personal, entonces ambos no pueden proporcionar una evaluaci&oacute;n correcta de Dios. [9] Muchos autores han ilustrado brillantemente no solo la ley de la no contradicci&oacute;n, sino tambi&eacute;n c&oacute;mo esta ley de la l&oacute;gica es inevitable e innegable. De hecho, en el momento en que uno objetar&iacute;a el uso de la ley de no contradicci&oacute;n como la forma de discernir la verdad, han utilizado la ley para tratar de denunciarla. [10]\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>Ahora, como se mencion&oacute;, aunque todas estas religiones no pueden ser igualmente correctas, posiblemente podr&iacute;an estar todas equivocadas. Como afirma Netland, &ldquo;incluso si en principio se concede que una tradici&oacute;n religiosa podr&iacute;a ser superior al resto, &iquest;por qu&eacute; deber&iacute;amos asumir que el cristianismo est&aacute; en esta posici&oacute;n privilegiada? Despu&eacute;s de todo, &iquest;por qu&eacute; Jes&uacute;s y no el Buda? &rdquo;[11] &iquest;Hay alguna manera de atravesar la confusi&oacute;n? Aqu&iacute; es donde se hace necesario reanudar el paradigma del amor y las relaciones apuntan a la verdad sobre nuestra situaci&oacute;n espiritual en el universo.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[1] C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity, (Nueva York: Macmilllan, 1952), p&aacute;g. 106)\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[2] Netland ha hecho un trabajo informativo al detallar las incompatibilidades y las afirmaciones de verdad contradictorias no solo entre las diferentes religiones, sino tambi&eacute;n dentro de ellas. Centra su pasi&oacute;n en c&oacute;mo las diversas religiones responden a las preguntas sobre la naturaleza de la religi&oacute;n &uacute;ltima, la situaci&oacute;n humana y la salvaci&oacute;n. Encontrando el pluralismo religioso,\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>[3] Geivett, &iquest;es Jes&uacute;s el &uacute;nico camino? pag. 194.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[4] La siguiente discusi&oacute;n sobre Hick deriva del Encuentro del pluralismo religioso de Harold J. Netland, El desaf&iacute;o a la fe y la misi&oacute;n cristiana (Downers Grove, IVP) 218-246. Netland era un ex alumno de Hick y ahora ense&ntilde;a en la Trinity International University y en la Trinity Evangelical Divinity School en Deerfield, Illinois.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;[5] El Dalai Lame, citado por Netland en Encountering Religious Pluralism, p. 218\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;[6] Cabe se&ntilde;alar que los criterios morales de Hick para evaluar la validez de una religi&oacute;n dada son realmente excluyentes cuando se trata de algunas religiones y sus pr&aacute;cticas. Harold Netland, un ex alumno de Hick, ha observado lo siguiente sobre la noci&oacute;n de Hick de la transformaci&oacute;n soteriol&oacute;gica. &ldquo;Proporciona el criterio para discriminar entre respuestas a lo Real que son leg&iacute;timas y que no lo son. Nadie supone que todos los l&iacute;deres o ense&ntilde;anzas religiosas sean igualmente v&aacute;lidos o est&eacute;n en contacto con lo Real. Hay una diferencia sustancial entre Jim Jones y. . . San Francisco de As&iacute;s y Mahatma Gandhi. Del mismo modo, hay una diferencia entre el sacrificio de ni&ntilde;os y la pr&aacute;ctica musulmana de. . . (dando alsms) \". Luego cita a Hick, quien opina que las tradiciones religiosas\" &lsquo;tienen mayor o menor valor seg&uacute;n promueven u obstaculizan la transformaci&oacute;n salv&iacute;fica\". Encuentro del pluralismo religioso; El desaf&iacute;o a la fe y la misi&oacute;n cristianas, (Downers Grove, IVP, 2001), 227.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;[7] El Dalai Lame, citado por Netland en Encountering Religious Pluralism, p. 216\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>[8] El ate&iacute;smo no proporciona un marco fundamental para la moralidad. La &eacute;tica opera bajo el supuesto de que la vida humana es importante y vale la pena preservarla, y el ate&iacute;smo no proporciona una base convincente o cierta para afirmar la dignidad humana o el valor intr&iacute;nseco. Sin embargo, esta es la ra&iacute;z de la &eacute;tica, ya que la &eacute;tica tiene que ver, en gran medida, con la forma en que debemos tratarnos unos a otros. Si la creencia en un Dios personal o ser religioso fuera un requisito previo para cualquier tipo de perspectiva &eacute;tica de la vida, el experimento \"humano\" probablemente habr&iacute;a sido muy corto. La visi&oacute;n te&iacute;sta entiende a Dios como la fuente de la dignidad humana. El te&iacute;smo b&iacute;blico, de hecho, mantiene la posici&oacute;n &uacute;nica de que los humanos son creados igualmente como hombres y mujeres a imagen y semejanza de Dios. Esta visi&oacute;n proporciona una base fija para afirmar el valor intr&iacute;nseco de la vida humana. Sin embargo, la noci&oacute;n de valor intr&iacute;nseco no es l&oacute;gicamente coherente con una visi&oacute;n de los or&iacute;genes que afirma que los humanos son simplemente materia en movimiento, como afirma el materialismo occidental, o Maya, una ilusi&oacute;n temporal, como generalmente sostienen la mayor&iacute;a de las filosof&iacute;as monistas orientales y religiones Estoy en deuda con Francis A. Schaeffer con respecto a esta importante observaci&oacute;n sobre la distinci&oacute;n y, sin embargo, la similitud del pensamiento occidental y oriental. Sus ideas sobre este asunto se exponen con mayor claridad en &iquest;Qu&eacute; pas&oacute; con la raza humana? en The Complete Works of Francis Schaeffer, Volumen 5, A Christian View of the West (Westchester, IL: Crossway Books, 1982), p&aacute;gs. 367-373.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>[9] Zacharias, &iquest;Puede el hombre vivir sin Dios, p. 125-126. Zacharias demuestra cuidadosamente que cada religi&oacute;n es exclusivista en el an&aacute;lisis final, y que ense&ntilde;an cosas contradictorias.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>[10] Ib&iacute;d., Pp. 126-131. Ver tambi&eacute;n Harold Netland, Encountering Religious Pluralism, 293-297. Paul Copan, \"Verdadero para ti pero no para m&iacute;\" (Minneapolis, Bethany, 1998), 29-31, y Ronald H. Nash, Preguntas finales de la vida, Una introducci&oacute;n a la filosof&iacute;a, (Grand Rapids, Zondervan, 1999), 193-207 .\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>","\n\n\"In the Old Testament, God was the supreme ruler, and people were his subjects. In the New Testament, Christ is the supreme ruler, and people are his subjects. Christ is the head of the church, and the church is his body. Christ is the head of the church, and the church is his body. Christ is the head of the church, and the church is his body.\"\n\n\"Dans l'Ancien Testament, Dieu était le","\n\n신의 영광에서 그리스도로 가는 길 (2)",{"id":105,"title":106,"description":107,"featured":30,"transcript":108,"subtitle":109,"playerembed":110,"category_id":6,"slug":111,"answertype":112,"created_at":48,"updated_at":113,"thumbnail":114,"embed_thumbnail":115,"embed_icon":38,"title_es":116,"description_es":117,"playerembed_es":118,"transcript_es":17,"title_fr":119,"description_fr":120,"playerembed_fr":17,"transcript_fr":17,"title_ko":121,"description_ko":122,"playerembed_ko":17,"transcript_ko":17,"question_id":17,"category_slug":9,"category_name":-1},63,"Why Doesn't God Intervene?","\u003Cp>Are you ready to find out what true life is? If you are, please&nbsp;\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.truelife.org\u002Fvideos\u002Fdo-you-have-true-life\">click here\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>Dr. Bruce Little explains why God does not stop all tragedies from happening. Dr. Little specifically refers to September 11th, 2001. Dr. Bruce A. Little is the Director of the L. Russ Bush Center For Faith and Culture and Professor of Philosophy at Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>TrueLife.org would&nbsp;be more than happy to help introduce you to a pastor so you can experience the great blessing of being in a church family. Please use our \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.truelife.org\u002Flocations\">Church Finder\u003C\u002Fa>&nbsp;to easily locate and&nbsp;email a pastor near you.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>","\u003Cp>\u003Cb>Why Doesn’t God Intervene?\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A Study Guide\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Ci>“A great deal of suffering comes about because of the principle of cause and effect . . . For there is a world of natural and moral law and built into its structure is the rule that if someone breaks the law then someone--not necessarily the same someone--is liable to be hurt.” -&nbsp;Suffering Man, Loving God,&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fi>\u003Ci>James Martin\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ci>\u003C\u002Fi>\u003Cp>\u003Ci>“Try to exclude the possibility of suffering which the order of nature and the existence of free- wills involve, and you find that you have excluded life itself.” - The Problem of Pain, C.S. Lewis\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ci>\u003C\u002Fi>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>I. The Twin Towers: A Tragedy\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cb>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003Cp>There are going to be consequences when those who decide to fly their planes into the Trade Towers. Once they made that decision, there is a causal relationship. If they are at the controls of the plane and they have the power\u002Fthe skill to steer that plane, it’s going to hit the Trade Towers. That’s the way we live. We live in a causal relationship . . . cause and effect.&nbsp;I’m not suggesting God planned it to happen.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>II. Toward an Answer: The Law of Cause and Effect\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cb>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003Cp>[Rather] there is a law as a part of God’s creation . . . cause\u002Feffect . . . which is a good lesson for all of us: Be very careful about the things we set in motion, because they will have some kind of consequence and some kind of effect.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>Recommended Further Readings:\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cb>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003Cp>God, Freedom, and Evil, by&nbsp;Alvin Plantinga\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The Problem of Evil: Developing a Christian Worldview, by Charles W. Colson and Nancy Pearcey&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The Problem of Pain, by C.S. Lewis&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>","Dr. Bruce Little explains why God does not stop all tragedies from happening. Dr. Little specifically refers to September 11th, 2001 in this thought provoking video.","\u003Ciframe src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fplayer.vimeo.com\u002Fvideo\u002F8704777?title=0&amp;byline=0&amp;portrait=0&amp;color=BF1E2E&amp;autoplay=1\" width=\"935\" height=\"526\" frameborder=\"0\" webkitAllowFullScreen mozallowfullscreen allowFullScreen>\u003C\u002Fiframe>","why-doesn-t-god-intervene","video","2023-08-03T06:05:44.486Z","https:\u002F\u002Ftruelifeorg.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fresources\u002F1630199012643_Screen%2520Shot%25202021-08-24%2520at%25203.07.21%2520PM.png","https:\u002F\u002Ftruelifeorg.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fresources\u002FScreen%20Shot%202021-08-24%20at%203.07.21%20PM.png","¿Por qué Dios no interviene?","\u003Cp>El Dr. Bruce Little explica por qu&eacute; Dios no detiene todas las tragedias. El Dr. Little se refiere espec&iacute;ficamente al 11 de septiembre de 2001 en este video que invita a la reflexi&oacute;n.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>&iquest;Est&aacute;s listo para descubrir qu&eacute; es la verdadera vida? Si es as&iacute;, haz clic aqu&iacute;.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>El Dr. Bruce A. Little es el director del Centro para la Fe y la Cultura L. Russ Bush y Profesor de Filosof&iacute;a en el Seminario Teol&oacute;gico Bautista del Sureste.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>En TrueLife.org estamos muy contentos de ayudarle y presentarle a un pastor para que pueda experimentar la gran bendici&oacute;n de estar en una familia de la iglesia. Utilice nuestro Buscador de iglesias para localizar y enviar por correo electr&oacute;nico f&aacute;cilmente a un pastor cerca de usted.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ciframe src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fplayer.vimeo.com\u002Fvideo\u002F464469828\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen\" allowfullscreen>\u003C\u002Fiframe>","\n\nPourquoi Dieu n'intervient-il pas?","\n\nÊtes-vous prêt à découvrir ce qu'est la vraie vie? Si vous l'êtes, veuillez cliquer \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.truelife.org\u002Fvideos\u002Fdo-you-have-true-life\">ici\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nLe Dr Bruce Little explique pourquoi Dieu ne met pas fin à toutes les","\n\n왜 하나님은 개입하지 않는 걸까?","\n\n진실 인생이란 무엇인지 알고 싶으신가요? 그렇다면 여기를 클릭해주세요.\n\n진실",{"id":124,"title":125,"description":126,"featured":127,"transcript":128,"subtitle":129,"playerembed":20,"category_id":6,"slug":130,"answertype":112,"created_at":48,"updated_at":131,"thumbnail":132,"embed_thumbnail":133,"embed_icon":38,"title_es":134,"description_es":135,"playerembed_es":136,"transcript_es":135,"title_fr":137,"description_fr":138,"playerembed_fr":17,"transcript_fr":17,"title_ko":139,"description_ko":140,"playerembed_ko":17,"transcript_ko":17,"question_id":17,"category_slug":9,"category_name":-1},61,"Is There a God?","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: inherit; font-family: inherit;\">Is there really a Creator God? Could there be a God that has always been God and never did not exist? What evidence is there for such a being? Enjoy Ken Ham, the Founder of Answers in Genesis, who is here to answer these questions and more.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>TrueLife.org would&nbsp;be more than happy to help introduce you to a pastor so you can experience the great blessing of being in a church family. Please use our \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.truelife.org\u002Flocations\">Church Finder\u003C\u002Fa>&nbsp;to easily locate and&nbsp;email a pastor near you.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftruelife.org\u002Fanswers\u002Fhow-can-i-be-forgiven-and-go-to-heaven-video\">Click here if you are ready to be forgiven and go to Heaven.\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>",true,"\u003Cp>\u003Cb>IS THERE A GOD?\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A Study Guide\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp class=\"wysiwyg-text-align-center\">\u003Ci>“There’s not just any God, people talk about all sorts of Gods but there is only one God, one true God and I believe it to be the God of the Bible.”&nbsp;- Ken Ham Founder &amp; CEO Answers in Genesis\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ci>\u003C\u002Fi>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>I.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fb>\u003Cb>\u003Cu>IN THE BEGINNING….\u003C\u002Fu>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>……………God created the heavens and the earth and I believe that to be the true God the creator God of the bible.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Ci>\u003Cu>Key Question:\u003C\u002Fu>\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fb>&nbsp;How do we know there is God?\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Ci>\u003Cu>Answer:\u003C\u002Fu>\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fb>&nbsp;SCIENCE!!! We rely upon uniformity of nature that those laws will be the same tomorrow as they were yesterday.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>TYPES OF LAWS\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Laws of nature\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Laws of chemistry\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Laws of physics\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Laws of planetary motion\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Laws of logic\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>If the universe&nbsp;came about by chance random processes then if those laws just evolved how do we know they are not going to change tomorrow, why should we &nbsp;rely&nbsp;on them?&nbsp; Actually empirical science that built our technology was based upon biblical principles that there is a creator God that set up the laws of nature and uniformity&nbsp;of nature and the laws of logic so that we can trust them.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Ci>Young Man:\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003Ci>&nbsp;“Sir, I listen to your lectures and I still believe we got here by chance random processes.”\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Ci>Ken Ham:\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003Ci>&nbsp;“We got here by chance random processes?”\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Ci>Young Man:\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003Ci>&nbsp;“Yes sir.”\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Ci>Ken Ham:\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003Ci>&nbsp;“If we got here by chance random process then your brain evolved by chance random processes right?”\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Ci>Young Man:\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003Ci>&nbsp;“Well yes sir.”\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Ci>Ken Ham:\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003Ci>&nbsp;“Well if your brain evolved by chance random process your process of logic evolved by chance random process, right?”\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Ci>Young Man:\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003Ci>&nbsp;&nbsp;“Well yes sir.”\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Ci>Ken Ham:\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003Ci>&nbsp;“If your process of logic evolved by chance random processes how do you know they evolve the right way, son you don’t even know if you’re asking me the right question.”&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Ci>Young Man:\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003Ci>&nbsp; “So what’s that book you were telling me about?”&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>II.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fb>\u003Cb>\u003Cu>DNA\u003C\u002Fu>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In 1953 two scientists who are atheist set out to prove life was built on chemistry. There is no God no intelligence behind life and they discovered heredity that today we call DNA.&nbsp;Well a number of years later a man named Crick wrote a book saying that perhaps aliens came and seeded life on earth.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>FUNCTIONALITY:\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Books of information\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A language system\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Capable of self-replication\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Possesses both the reading and writing mechanisms needed\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; There is no law&nbsp;of nature which tells us that matter produces information\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Information only comes from previous existing information\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; There is no law of nature which tells us that matter produces language system\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Languages only come from an intelligence\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In fact what we find by observation is that languages only come from intelligence it comes from a mental process and so DNA really cries out in the beginning God.&nbsp; There had to be an intelligence to make the language system, an intelligence to write the books of information.&nbsp; It’s so obvious that there is a&nbsp;\u003Cu>God\u003C\u002Fu>.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cu>PARALLEL ANSWERS\u003C\u002Fu>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Ci>“Maybe intelligent life from outer space, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; “That designer could well be a&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Ci>aliens from outer space, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; higher intelligence from&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Ci>brought life to earth.”&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fi>- Crick&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u003Ci>elsewhere in the universe.\u003C\u002Fi>” - Dawkins&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Ci>Now why did he answer that way?&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Well because he said when you looked at DNA you see a signature\u003Cu>,\u003C\u002Fu>&nbsp;you evidence of intelligence he recognizes there is an intelligence behind DNA but he certainly does not want to that’s the God of the Bible, so instead he says it was some alien intelligence he has never meet, somewhere out there in outer space.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Ci>Who made God?\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>You see, you can keep going back and getting a bigger and bigger and bigger and bigger God but the only thing that makes sense is that you have to have the biggest God of all and that the God of the Bible.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cu>The God of the Bible is…\u003C\u002Fu>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An infinite creator God\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An eternal&nbsp;God\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A God who exists outside of time.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>III.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fb>\u003Cb>\u003Cu>THE GOSPEL\u003C\u002Fu>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>He had people write for us a book called the Bible in which he told us who He is and where we came from and what life is all about.&nbsp; In fact in that book he tells us he created a perfect world and the first two people Adam and Eve and the first man Adam rebelled against God that’s called sin.&nbsp; That’s why there is death in the world that’s why all these bad things happen over the world it’s because of what happened about 6,000 years ago Adam rebelled against his creator and because of that we’re all sinners and we’d be separated from God forever.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>We are not like the animals as we know we think differently than the animals when our body dies that not the end of us we have a soul we are made in the image of God we are going to live forever either with God or separated from God but because we are sinners we can’t live with God except that God had a solution he stepped into history in the person of his son to become one of us to become a member of the human race a&nbsp;perfect man and he died on a cross his death was a penalty for sin, was raised from the dead and offers a free gift of salvation for those who will receive it.&nbsp;&nbsp; So that the good news and that the message of the Christian God that the message of Christianity we call it the gospel message that everyone needs hear and respond to.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cbr class=\"wysiwyg-clear-both\">\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003Cb>APPLICATION QUESTIONS\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; How do the laws and uniformity of nature point to an intelligent designer and not some random evolutionary process? (Reference: Colossians 1:17)\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Why would Crick and Dawkins attribute this intelligence to an alien form another planet? (Reference: Roman 3:19)\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Since the God of the Bible will hold us accountable, what should we as Christians doing in a world that rejects the existence of God? (Reference: 1Timothy 4:1-5)\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cb>ADDITIONAL READINGS\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Ci>The Case for a Creator,\u003C\u002Fi>&nbsp;by Lee Strobel\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Ci>I Don't Have Enough Faith to be an Atheist,\u003C\u002Fi>&nbsp;by Norm Geisler and Frank Turek\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Ci>Battle for the Beginning: Creation, Evolution, and the Bible,\u003C\u002Fi>&nbsp;by John MacArthur\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ci>Intelligent Design 101: Leading Experts Explain the Key Issues, e\u003C\u002Fi>dited\u003Ci>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fi>by H. Wayne House.","Is there really a Creator God? Could there be a God that has always been God and never did not exist? What evidence is there for such a being? Enjoy Ken Ham, the Founder of Answers in Genesis, who is here to answer these questions and more.","is-there-a-god","2023-08-03T06:23:53.166Z","https:\u002F\u002Ftruelifeorg.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fresources\u002F1630198849649_Screen%20Shot%202021-08-24%20at%203.03.55%20PM.png","https:\u002F\u002Ftruelifeorg.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fresources\u002F1630198863615_Screen%20Shot%202021-08-24%20at%203.03.55%20PM.png","¿Hay un Dios?","\u003Cp>&iquest;Existe realmente un Dios Creador? &iquest;Podr&iacute;a haber un Dios que siempre haya sido Dios y que nunca haya existido? &iquest;Qu&eacute; evidencia hay para tal ser? Disfruta de la ense&ntilde;anza de Ken Ham, el Fundador de Respuestas en G&eacute;nesis, quien est&aacute; aqu&iacute; para responder estas preguntas y m&aacute;s.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>&iquest;Est&aacute;s listo para descubrir qu&eacute; es la verdadera vida? Si es as&iacute;, haz clic aqu&iacute;.\u003C\u002Fp> \u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>En TrueLife.org estamos muy contentos de ayudarle y presentarle a un pastor para que pueda experimentar la gran bendici&oacute;n de estar en una familia de la iglesia. Utilice nuestro Buscador de iglesias para localizar y enviar por correo electr&oacute;nico f&aacute;cilmente a un pastor cerca de usted.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ciframe src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fplayer.vimeo.com\u002Fvideo\u002F464447899\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen\" allowfullscreen>\u003C\u002Fiframe>","\n\nY a-t-il un Dieu ?","\n\nExiste-t-il vraiment un Dieu Créateur? Pourrait-il y avoir un Dieu qui a toujours été Dieu et n'a jamais cessé d'exister? Quelle est la preuve de l'existence d'un tel être? Profitez de Ken Ham, le fondateur de Réponses dans la Genèse, qui est ici pour répond","\n\n신이 있는가?","\n\n실제로 창조주 신이 있는가? 항상 신이었고, 존재하지 않았던 신이 있을 수 있는가? 그",{"id":142,"title":143,"description":144,"featured":30,"transcript":17,"subtitle":17,"playerembed":145,"category_id":6,"slug":146,"answertype":112,"created_at":147,"updated_at":148,"thumbnail":149,"embed_thumbnail":150,"embed_icon":17,"title_es":151,"description_es":152,"playerembed_es":145,"transcript_es":17,"title_fr":17,"description_fr":17,"playerembed_fr":17,"transcript_fr":17,"title_ko":17,"description_ko":17,"playerembed_ko":17,"transcript_ko":17,"question_id":153,"category_slug":9,"category_name":-1},221,"Is There a High Probability God Exists?","Getting to God is almost as easy as one plus one equals two. Have a look for yourself in this video from esteemed Christian Scholar and Professor, William Lane Craig. His book Reasonable Faith has been a must read in seminaries and universities around the world.&nbsp;&nbsp;","\u003Ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FEE76nwimuT0?si=1O80d-73tMINAvnk\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n","is-there-a-high-probability-god-exists-video","2025-03-17T15:37:40.701Z","2026-03-08T00:29:46.817Z","https:\u002F\u002Ftruelifeorg.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fresources\u002F1742226293625_Screenshot%202025-03-17%20at%2011.39.38%E2%80%AFAM.png","https:\u002F\u002Ftruelifeorg.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fresources\u002F1742226294136_Screenshot%202025-03-17%20at%2011.39.38%E2%80%AFAM.png","¿Existe una Alta Probabilidad de que Dios Exista?","Argumentos filosóficos, científicos y evidenciales para la creencia teísta en contexto contemporáneo. Presenta el argumento cosmológico, teleológico, de la moralidad, y la experiencia personal en favor de la existencia de Dios, evaluando su solidez racional y relevancia para el cristianismo moderno.",1,[]]